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government 4
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Constituent | the residents in an elected area |
| Sociological/Agency Representation | sociological- represents the people around them agency- represents what they personally think is right |
| Incumbent | the person in an elected position/re-running |
| Term Limits | legal in state levels but not federal levels (except the president) |
| Gerrymandering | manipulation in legislation that is in favor of a specific political party or racial group |
| Pork Barrel Legislation | accustoms by legislatives that help make sure that local reps can win their relelection |
| Majority/Minority Leader | chosen by majority and minority parties |
| Standing/Select/Joint Committees | standing- permenant with power to write legislation select- made to invesitgate a specific isssue joint- made up of both house and senate members |
| how many numbers of reps are there in the House of Representatives? | 435 |
| How many terms does a representative get at the US House of Representatives? | 2 |
| what is the House of Representatives election cycle? | every 2 years |
| who is the House of Representatives house of the speaker? | mike johnson |
| what role does the House of Representatives have in impeachment? | serve as a grand jury |
| what is the number of senators in the US Senate? | 100 |
| how many terms does a senator have? | 6 |
| what is the US Senate election cycle? | every 6 years |
| what is the power of majority leader in US Senate? | speaker of the house |
| what is the minorities representation in congress? | minority leader |
| what does congress have to do with caucuses? | they meet to pursue common legislative objectives |
| what is apportionment and redristing within congress? | apportionment equally divides all 435 house seats based on state population while redricting redraws the boundaries for legislative districts |
| what is the whip system and congress? | the whip system chooses a member from each party to coordinate legislative strategy by lining up other party members |
| what is congress oversight? | they are made to question executive branch officials on the causes of a problem |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: introducing legislation | legislation is the formal first step into making a bill become a law |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: subcommittees | they handle more specific areas within a committees jurisdiction |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: hearings committeee markup | when a committee may rewrite some or all of a bills provisions |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: House of Representative ruless committee | decides if a bill with be debated under open or closed rule |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: House of Representative open rule | any member can offer an amendment that complies with the current rules of the house |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: House of Representative closed rule | prohibits any members from offering amendments other than those reccomended by the committee. |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: House of Representative floor vote | voted by the chamber as a whole and can go differently based on the rules |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: Senate majority leader | directs the floor activity |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: Senate filibuster | a tactic used by members to prevent action on legislation by holding the floor and speaking until the majority backs down. |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: Senate cloture | used to end a filibuster where 60 senators agree to impose a time limit on a debate |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: Senate floor vote | usually an open debate with unlimited time |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: conference committee | made up of both senate and house members to review before sent to the president |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: presidentatal signature or veto | if the president decides that they do not want to enforce a law, they can veto it and send it back to congress |
| How a Bill Becomes Law: congressional override | if congress decides that tehy want to pass the bill anyways, two thirds of both chambers must agree |
| Explain The Chart: Differences Between the House & Senate | the house and senate have many differences such as th house being represented locally and the senate being statewide |
| Explain The Chart: Diversity in Congress (1971-2021) | congress has become more socially diverse with the number of female and black members growing the most. |
| Explain The Chart: Congressional Reapportionment 2020 | most western and souther states gained an extra seat or 2 in the house |
| Explain The Chart: How A Bill Becomes A Law (page 324) | explains the process of how a bill becomes a law and the people it must go through |
| CHAPTER 11- THE PRESIDENT | |
| Expressed/Inherent/Implied Powers | expressed- established by constitution inherent- stem from the rights of presidency implied- implied through expressed powers |
| State of the Union | an address usually given by the president to inform congress |
| War Powers Resolution | limits presidents power to send forces into combat without congress approval |
| Executive Agreement | similar to treaty but does not require approval by 2/3 of senate |
| Executive Order | a presidential directive to the bureaucracy to undertake some action |
| The Cabinet | creation of congress, advisors |
| National Security Council | compaosed of cabinet members who regularly meet with the president for advice |
| Executive Office of the President | permanent agencies that peform defined management tasks for the president |
| Mandates | official orders or requirements by a higher athority |
| Bipartisanship | where two opposing political parties find common ground and compromise |
| Presidential Expressed Powers: Military | commander in chief of army and navy |
| Presidential Expressed Powers: Judicial | grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the US (except for impeachment) |
| Presidential Expressed Powers: Diplomatic | say in treaty making, recieve public minitires |
| Presidential Expressed Powers: Executive | oversee all executions of laws and appoint federal judges |
| Presidential Expressed Powers: Legislative | participation in the legislative process |
| Who is authorized by the Constitution to issue a formal Declaration of War? | the president |
| What prevents a President from sending troops to a State? | the posse comitatus act |
| What is the role of the Vice-President? | to succeed the presdient in case of dissapearance and to support the running canidate for president |
| What is the role of the First Lady? | they attend more cerimonial activities and stay by the president, on occasion they will take up causes and advocate for them. |
| Explain The Chart: The Veto Process | explains the process of a veto and if a bill get overridded |
| Explain The Chart: Presidential Institutional Powers | lists the different officals that ork alongside the president |
| Explain The Chart: Presidental Executive Orders | how many orders ave been executed, roosevelt having the most at 307 |
| CHAPTER 12- BUREAUCRACY | |
| Bureaucracy | the structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles |
| Implementation | the efforts of departments and agencies to translate laws into specific rules and actions |
| Regulatory Agencies | organizations responsible fr creating and enforcing rules to oversee issues |
| Secretary-Head of Departments | are the people apart of the cabinet |
| NSA | (National security agency) helps protect the country by listening to bad guys who might be harmful |
| Whistleblowers | employees who report wrongdoing in public or private organizations |
| How does providing external and internal national security work? | a corrdinated effort by differnt branches and agencies of government |
| Reducing the Bureaucracy: Termination | shutting down or ending a government |
| Reducing the Bureaucracy: Devolution | transfers responsibilities to state or local government |
| Reducing the Bureaucracy: Privatization | gov functions or assets are transferred to private companies to manage |
| Explain The Chart: The Executive Brand of the Federal Government | all of the executive departments within the government |
| Explain The Chart: Employees in the Federal Workforce (1950-2022) | ratio to federal employment to total workforce has declined down to less than 2% |
| CHAPTER 13- THE FEDERAL COURTS | |
| Criminal/Civil Law | criminal law- cna lose certain civil rights/incarcerated civil- will most likely have to pay money |
| Plaintiff | the organization that brings a case (government) |
| Defendant | the person accused of crimes |
| Plea Bargain Agreement | prosecution and defense agree to plead guilty to a lesser charge |
| Precedent | proir knowledge from past cases used in a current case |
| Judicial Review | the ability of the judicial branch to list an action from another branch as unconstitutional |
| Brief | written documents in which attoyrneys explain, using past cases |
| Oral Argument | an attorney for each side appears before the court to present their position and question the justices questions |
| Opinion/Dissent | writien by a justice in the minority in a particular case |
| US Court System: Trial | first court to plead your innocence |
| US Court System: Court of Appeals | if you believe you deserve a second chance you can go to get a second try |
| US Court System: Court of Last Resort | if the court of appeals believes your guilty to, if they believe your case is worthy enough, the court of last resorts will take you |
| Federal Appellate Court | only 20% of cases 179 judges |
| US Supreme Court | 9 judges only take few extremely important cases |
| Explain The Chart: US Court System | explains how cases get sent to to the supreme court |
| Explain The Chart: Federeal Appellate Court Circuits | 11 reginal circuts for 94 federal courts |
| Explain The Chart: Supreme Court Justices (2023) | all 9 judges including the cheif justice john Roberts jr |
| Explain The Chart: Timeline of a US Supreme Court Case | at most 10k cases have been filed in 2005 |
| CHAPTER 14- DOMESTIC PARTY | |
| Fiscal Policy | the governments use of taxing monetary and spending powers to manipulate the economy |
| Federal Reserve | 12 federal reserve banks that facilitate exchanges of money |
| Deregulation | reducing ro eliminating regulatory restraints |
| Welfare | the collection of policies a nation has to promote |
Created by:
cassandrastuart24
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