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Neurone morphology
Uni of Notts, fundamentals of neuroscience, first year
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Basis for classification: Axonal projection | Goes to distant brain area - Affects different brain areas Stays in local brain area - Affects only nearby neurones |
| Basis for classification: Dendritic pattern | Pyramid shaped spread & radial-shaped spread of dendrites - Large area for receiving synaptic input, each determining pattern of incoming axons that can interact with the cell |
| Basis for classification: Number of processes | One process & 2 processes exiting soma - Small area for receiving synaptic input, highly specialised Multiple processes exiting soma - Large area for receiving synaptic input, determines pattern of incoming axons which interact with the cells |
| Basis for classification: Connections | Receives impulse from receptors - Transmission of sensory information to CNS from PNS Synapses with muscles - Transmits signal from CNS to PNS for an effect Synapses with other neurones - Enables communication between sensory & motor neurones |
| Neuroglial cells | Non-neuronal cells providing structural & functional support to neurones with unique morphologies such as being highly branching to closer interact with other brain cells |
| Astrocytes | Provide metabolic support, maintain blood-brain barrier, & regulate K+ ion concentrations. Remove glutamate from synapses, remove toxins, provide precursors for glutamate & GABA |
| Oligodendrocytes/Schwann cells | Produce myelin to wrap axons & allow saltatory conduction. Oligodendrocytes in the CNS & Schwann cells in the PNS. They are capable of phagocytosis of pathogens when stimulated |
| Microglia | Immune support for nervous system, removes debris & responds to injury & infection |
| Ependymal cells | Cells lining ventricles, produces & controls flow of CSF |
| Differences between glia & axons | Many short processes not axons & dendrites. Gap junction coupled not synapses. GFAP not neurofilament. Smaller. -90mV resting potential not -70mV. Passive transmission not action potentials |
| GFAP | Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, structural support protein for astrocytes instead of neurofilament for neurones. Also responds to injury & is used in cell signalling. Can be stained to label astrocytes & levels predict disease |
| How morphology affects the function of cells | The unique structures of processes, axons, dendrites, membranes, & cell bodies ensure each cell type fulfils its unique function with the most efficiency |
Created by:
Beech47
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