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CH. 10-11 Voc. 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter that binds at a motor end-plate to trigger depolarization |
| Actin filament | protein that makes up most of the thin myofilaments in a sarcomere muscle fiber |
| Action potential | change in voltage of a cell membrane in response to a stimulus that results in transmission of an electrical signal; unique to neurons and muscle fibers |
| Depolarization | change in a cell membrane potential from rest toward zero |
| Excitation-contraction coupling | sequence of events from motor neuron signaling to a skeletal muscle fiber to contraction of the fiber's sarcomeres |
| Motor end plate | sarcolemma of muscle fiber at the neuromuscular junction, with receptors for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine |
| Muscle tension | force generated by the contraction of the muscle; tension generated during isotonic contractions and isometric contractions |
| Myasthenia gravis | An autoimmune disorder where the body produces antibodies that block or destroy acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. |
| Myosin filament | protein that makes up most of the thick cylindrical myofilament within a sarcomere muscle fiber |
| Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) | synapse between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the section of the membrane of a muscle fiber with receptors for the acetylcholine released by the terminal |
| Neurotransmitter | signaling chemical released by nerve terminals that bind to and activate receptors on target cells |
| Refractory period | time after the initiation of an action potential when another action potential cannot be generated |
| Repolarization | return of the membrane potential to its normally negative voltage at the end of the action potential |
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | specialized smooth ER, which stores, releases and retrieves Ca2+ |
| Sliding Filament Theory | The theory that muscle contraction occurs when thin actin filaments slide past thick myosin filaments, causing the sarcomere to shorten. Also called Cross-Bridge Cycle |
| Synaptic cleft | space between a nerve (axon) terminal and a motor end-plate |
| Synaptic vesicles | Membrane-bound structures within the axon terminal of a neuron that contain neurotransmitters, which are released into the synaptic cleft during neurotransmission. |
| Terminal cisternae | Enlarged regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that are adjacent to the T-tubules and store calcium ions. They play a key role in the release of calcium during muscle contraction. |
| Triads | the grouping of one T-tubule and two terminal cisternae |
| T-tubule | projection of the sarcolemma into the interior of the cell |
Created by:
Joanney
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