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Federalism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| federalism | the mechanism behind our government that prevents tyranny by dividing power against itself on two levels: state and national |
| sovereignty | supreme and independent political theory |
| expressed powers | the notion that the Constitution grants to the federal government only those powers explicitly stated in the text |
| implied powers | powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution |
| concurrent powers | authority possessed by both the federal and state governments, for example, the power to levy taxes |
| police power | the power reserved to local and state governments to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens |
| full faith and credit clause | provision requiring that states honor the public acts and judicial proceedings that take place in another state |
| privileges and immunities clause | provision requiring that a state is unable to discriminate against someone from another state or give its own residents special privileges |
| home rule | the power delegated by a state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs |
| dual federalism | system of federalism until the 1940s, in which most powers were shared between the state and federal governments |
| commerce clause | clause interpreted by the Supreme Court to favor national power over the economy |
| cooperative federalism | the supportive relationships and sometimes partnerships between the federal and state governments |
| grants in aid | subsidies given by the national government to states or localities for an intended or unintended purpose |
| categorical grants | funds given by Congress to states and localities that are marked for specific categories, like education or crime prevention |
| formula grants | grants in which a formula was used to decide how much federal funding a state or locality would receive |
| project grants | grant programs in which states and localities submit proposals in a competition for federal funding |
| regulated federalism | type of federalism in which the national government is able to enact change in states and localities by threatening to withhold funding otherwise |
| unfunded mandates | when the national government engages in regulated federalism by imposing national standards without funding to back it |
| new federalism | a recent federalism that has pushed for more autonomy and discretionary power on the part of the states |
| block grants | grants given by President Reagan to pay for state goods, programs, or services with relatively few restrictions on how they may be spent |
| devolution | the policy of removing a program from the federal level of government to the state level |
| bicameralism | the principle of dividing the legislative branch into two distinct houses, the Senate and House of Representatives |
| judicial review | the ability of the Supreme Court to declare both Congressional and executive actions unconstitutional |
Created by:
emilydickinson
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