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Yuseira Jimenez
Anatomy Weeks 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to | The inferno-medial aspect of the back |
| A frontal plane is the same as a _____ plane; The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the ____ plane | Coronal |
| Regarding directional terms, superior means | Toward the head |
| The gluteal region is ____ to the popliteal region | Proximal |
| A coronal sections through the human body can | Pass through both ears |
| The chest is ____ to the abdomen | Superior |
| The ____ system is involved in immunity | Lymphatic |
| ____ refers to an inner region of an organ, whereas ____ refers to an outer region or layer of an organ | Medullary; Cortical |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are | Axial and Appendicular |
| Another name for the midsagittal plane is | Median |
| Physiology is defines as the study of the ____ of a living organism | Function |
| The brain is ____ to the skull | Deep |
| The inguinal region lies | Where the thigh joins the trunk |
| Muscles are ____ to the skin | Deep |
| The knee is ____ to the foot | Proximal |
| Anatomy is defined as the study of the ____ of a living organism | Structure |
| The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a spinal cavity. True or False | True |
| The sternal region is ____ to the scapular region | Anterior |
| From smallest to largest, the levels or organization of the body are | Chemical, Organelle, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism |
| When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n) | Tissue |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the ____ plane | Transverse |
| The structure that is called the "powerhouse" of the cell is the and has a double membrane structure | Mitochondria |
| An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n): | Tissue |
| Atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates are: | Molecules |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | Ventral/Dorsal |
| A sagittal section divides the body into ____ portions | Right and Left |
| Blood production is a function of which system | Skeletal |
| In anatomical position the wrist is ____ as compared to the elbow | Proximal |
| The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are: | Cells |
| Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: | Organelles |
| The neck is ____ as compared to the right shoulder | Medial |
| A weak acid: | Dissociates very little in solution |
| Electrolytes are: | Called cations if they have a positive charge |
| What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond | Hydolysis |
| The atomic number tells you the | Number of protons in the nucleus |
| A molecule that is polar: | Can form a hydrogen bond and must be ionic |
| What subatomic particles carry a charge | Protons and Electrons |
| The must abundant element essential to life is | Carbon |
| Hydrolysis ____ a water molecule | Breaks down compounds by adding |
| The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a ____ reaction | Synthesis |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes ____, and the solution becomes more _____ | Down; Acidic |
| What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells | Metabolism |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: | Synthesis reaction |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) ____ bond | Covalent |
| The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body | 96% |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances | Decomposition reaction |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a | Element |
| As the concentration of a hydroxide ions increases, the | Solution becomes more basic and the pH rises |
| Acids, bases and salts belong to a large group of compounds called | Electrolytes |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be | Polar |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: | Covalent |
| An element that contains the same number of proton but different numbers of neutrons is called a | Isotope |
| The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: | Protons in its nucleus |
| Approximately what percent of the body weight of an adult female is water | 50% |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called | Bases |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions that hydrogen ions is a ____ solution | Alkaline (basic) |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | A positive and a negative ion attracting each other |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: | Protons |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of | Protons and Neutron |
| The most abundant and important compounds in the body is: | Water |
| Hydrogen has a weak bond: True or False | True |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | Solution becomes more acidic |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | Hydrolysis |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of a ____ from other atoms of the same element | Neutrons |
| This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases | Lysosome |
| Which type of junction is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other | Gap junction |
| Cisternae of this organelle are continuous with the nuclear envelope | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged | As a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads |
| The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called | Cytoplasm |
| Which of the following is a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body: Cilia, Flagella, Microvilli, Microfilaments | Microvilli |
| This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell | Rough ER |
| This organelle has both a cis and trans face | Golgi apparatus |
| Which are of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building are breaking of microtubules in the cell | Centrosome |
| This organelle is numerous in liver and kidney cells and also contains oxidase and catalase enzymes | Peroxisome |
| Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a membrane system known as the | Rough ER |
| Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element? Centriole, Microtubule, Intermediate filament, Microfilament | Centriole |
| Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter? Intermediate filaments, Microfilaments, Centrioles, Microtubules | Microtubules |
| Ribosomes are organelles that | Float in the cytoplasm and attach to the ER |
| Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resembles caves are called | Caveolae |
| The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the | Lysosome |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as | Plasma Membrane |
| The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the | Phospholipid bilayer |
| Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell | Proteasomes |
| The nucleolus is composed chiefly of | rRNA |
| Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted | Golgi apparatus |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called | Cilia |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the | Glycoprotein molecules |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called | Chromatin |
| A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read | Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, Microtubules |
| The rough ER does not | Make lipids and carbohydrates |
| The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily | Cholesterol |
| Damage to the centrosomes and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function | Cell division |
| A ribosome is considered | a non membranous organelle |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by | Desmosomes |
| Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the | Lanugo |
| The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and | Epidermis |
| The external ear is composed of | Elastic cartilage |
| Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the | Epidermis |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the | Arrector pili muscle |
| Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities | Epithelial |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | Connective tissue |
| The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called ____ membranes | Synovial |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | Extracellular matrix |
| Mesoderm interacts with endoderm and ectoderm to give rise to | Skeletal muscles |
| Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant | Collagen |
| The two major categories of body membranes are | Epithelial and connective |
| Which is the most superficial later of the epidermis | Stratum corneum |
| Which tissue lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly | Cartilage |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains | Proteins and proteoglycans |
| Does cardiac muscle contain intercalated disks | Yes |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | Mucus |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is | Fibrocartilage |
| The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick ____ layer | Reticular |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the ____ glands | Sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous |
| The two bones that compose of the shoulder girdle are | Clavicle and scapula |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | Hyoid |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | Pubic symphysis |
| The most common type of cartilage is | Hyaline |
| Where would you find a tarsal bone | Foot |
| Cartilage is classified as ____ tissue | Connective |
| ____ fibers are present in all the three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage | Collagenous |
| Which structures firmly hold the foot bones firmly in their arched position | Ligaments and tendons |
| Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist | Carpals |
| Which of these pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed? Pubis, Ischium, Ilium, Coccygeal | Pubis |
| Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as a floating ribs | Floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum |
| Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called | Osteons |
| The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the | Sternum |
| Which bone is located on the posterior aspect of the skull | Occipital |
| The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the | Mandible |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone expect at joint surfaces is the | Periosteum |
| Fibrocartilage can be found in the | Symphysis pubis |
| Spongy bone is characterized by | Open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures |
| Which bones form the framework of the hand | Metacarpals |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called | Myeloid tissue |
| The extracellular components of bone matrix are | Hard and calcified |
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