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digestion & nutritio
key terms
| Question | Definition |
|---|---|
| aspirating | drawing foreign material by suction into the respiratory tract |
| bariatric | refers to the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity |
| bland diet | diet in which foods that are irritating to the digestive system are restricted such as highly seasoned, fried food, raw vegetables, and fruit |
| clear-liquid diet | diet in which all the foods are liquid and clear such as soda, tea and plain gelatin |
| diabetic diet | a measured carbohydrate and low- or no-sugar diet for diabetics |
| diuretic | a drug used to reduce fluid accumulation in the body. Persons taking diuretics urinate frequently |
| emesis | vomiting |
| empty calories | foods high in carbohydrates and fats and low in proteins , minerals, and vitamins; "junk food" |
| enzymes | proteins produced by the body that break down organic matter (food) within the body; necessary for digestion and metabolism |
| fiber | indigestible plant matter consisting of cellulose; stimulates intestinal peristalsis |
| food allergy | any negative reaction to a food, or a food component, that involves the immune system |
| full-liquid diet | a diet where all the foods are liquid such as eggnog, milk, and cream soups |
| gastrostomy | an opening into the stomach that can be used for feeding |
| gluten-free diet | a diet that excludes that protein gluten. Gluten is found in grains such as wheat, rye, and tricale |
| hiatal hernia | a condition that occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm of the lung cavity |
| high-calorie diet | diet high in high calories foods like milk shakes, steak, fried foods |
| high-fiber diet | a diet in which includes a high amount of fiber foods such as apples and whole grains |
| lactose | sugar found in milk |
| low-calorie diet | a diet consisting of a minimum amount of calories in a day |
| low-sodium diet | diet containing foods with low salt content; no extra salt is to be added |
| malnutrition | a condition resulting from a poor diet that lacks the needed nutrients to maintain health; early signs include muscle weakness |
| meals on wheels | program that prepares and delivers meals to home-bound clients or to senior citizens' centers to help assure that the disadvantaged, handicapped, I'll, or elderly have at least one meal a day that is nutritional |
| metabolism | the process of burning the "fuel" into energy (food) |
| MyPlate | government dietary guidelines recommending that a person's diet be approximately 30% grains, 30% vegetables, 20% fruits, and 20% protein, plus dairy products |
| nutrition | the sum of those processes using food for growth, development, and body maintenance |
| peristalsis | the progressive, wavelike, movements that occur involuntarily to move food through the digestive system |
| pureed diet | food prepares by processing through a blender or strainer |
| reflux | abnormal backward flow of fluid |
| renal diet | special diet for clients with renal failure. Restricted foods high in sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. Fluids are also kept at a minimum |
| total parenteral nutrition (TPN) | high-dextrose solution that contains all essential nutrients and is fed to a client through a catheter into the blood vessels |
| ulcers | local defect (e.g. stomach or on skin) |
| vegetarian | one who does not eat meat or meat products |
Created by:
444everrjos
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