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Intro Immunization

Immunization

TermDefinition
Cell-mediated Immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes
Humoral Immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes
Innate immunity - immune cell Neutrophils, Macrophages, Dendritic cells, Natural killer cells
Innate immunity - Adaptive immunity T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes
Innate immunity - Pattern recognition receptors or PRRs Toll like receptor
Toll Like Receptor (TLR) recognise PAMPs (Pathogen-associated molecular patterns)
TLR-4 PAMP and Pathogen. PAMP: LPS Pathogen: Gram -ve Bacteria
TLR-7, TLR-8 PAMP and Pathogen. PAMP: ssRNA Pathogen: Viruses
Downstream Effects of TLR3,7,8 &9? Activation of nuclear factor - Kappa Beta which increase the production of antiviral type I interferon --> IFN alpha and beta.
TLR-2 PAMP and Pathogen. PAMP: Peptidoglycan Pathogen: Gram +ve Bacteria
What are the components of Innate immunity? 1. Limit entry of microbes into the body. 2. Limit growth of microbes within the body.
APCs Dendritic Cells Macrophages B-cells
Which APC does not require activation to present antigen to the T-cells? Dendritic Cells/Langerhans cell
Which APC elicits Th1 response? Macrophages
Which APC elicit humoral or Th2 response? B-cells
What are the Primary lymphoid organs? Bone marrow Thymus
What are the Secondary lymphoid organs? Spleen Lymph node Mucosa Associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Where is the thymus derived from? third pharyngeal pouch
Where are the immature T cells present in the Thymus? Cortex
Where are the mature T cells present in the Thymus? Medulla
Where is the site of B-cells activation? Cortex of the lymph nodes
Where is the site of T-cells activation? Paracortex of the lymph nodes
Which cell is permanently found in the Primary follicle? Follicular Dendritic Cells which helps activate the B-cells.
What happens in the Secondary follicle/Germinal Center? Activated B cells undergo intense proliferation and differentiation
Where is the site of Plasma cell & Memory cell development and class switching Germinal Center/Secondary Follicle
TLR-3 PAMP and Pathogen. PAMP: dsRNA Pathogen: Reovirus
What receptor is use to activate Phagocytosis? Toll lIke receptor/Pathogen recognition receptors
What enhance the phagocytosis effect? Opsonization --> C5a & C3a
CD4+ T cells recognize and respond to peptides presented by which type of MHC class? MHC class II molecules which are derived from the degradation of proteins from phagocytosed organisms.
CD8+ T cells recognize and respond to peptides presented by which type of MHC class? CD8+ T cells recognize peptides derived from antigens in the cytoplasm that are presented by MHC class I molecules.
What is the pathways of antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Antigens in the cytosol of the cells get degraded in proteasomes and transported into the ER with the help of the TAP before being loaded onto the MHC I molecules and recycled out onto the CM for presentation of their peptides to CD8+ T cells.
What is the MOA for Superantigen? Superantigens bind directly to MHC class II of APC without internal processing and V region of T cell receptors which leads to massive release of IL-2 and IFN-γ from the T cells and IL-1 and TNF-α from macrophages --> leads to systemic toxic shock.
Created by: Jameel D. Wilson
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