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FA10 Associations
FA 2010 Key Associations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Actinic (solar) keratosis | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury | Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stumulates vagal gastric secretions) |
| Acute gastric ulcers associated with severe burns | Curling's ulcers (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa) |
| Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon | Skips lesions (Crohn's disease: autoimmune) |
| Aneurysm, dissecting | Hypertension |
| Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta | Atherosclerosis |
| Aortic aneurysm, ascending | Tertiary syphilis |
| Atrophy of mammilary bodies | Wernicke's encephalopathy (thamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion) |
| Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) | Sickle cell anemia (HbS) |
| Bacteremia/pneumonia (IV drug user) | S. aureus |
| Bacteria associated with stomach cancer | H. pylori |
| Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) | S. pneumoniae |
| Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) | Group B strep (newborns); S. pneumoniae/ N. menigitidis (kids) |
| Benign melanocytic nevus | Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades) |
| Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency | Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion) |
| Brain tumors (adults) | Supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma |
| Brain tumors (kids) | Infratentorial : medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum) |
| Breast cancer | Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1/9 women will develop breast cancer) |
| Breast mass | 1. Fibrocystic change 2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women) |
| Breast tumor (benign) | Fibroadenoma |
| Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient | Klebsiella |
| Cardiac primary tumor (kids) | Rhabdomyoma |
| Cardiac manifestations of lupus | Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral) |
| Cardiac tumor (adults) | 1. Metastasis 2. Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve") |
| Cardiomyopathy | Dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial) |
| Cerebellar tonsillar herniation | Arnold-Chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus) |
| Chronic arrhythmia | Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli) |
| Chronia atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) | Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia) |
| Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina | DES exposure in utero |
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 21-hydroxylase deficiency |
| Congenital cardiac anomaly | VSD |
| Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) | Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) |
| Constrictive pericarditis in developing world | Tuberculosis |
| Coronary artery involved in thrombus | LAD > RCA > LCA |
| Cretinism | Iodine deficit/ hypothyroidism |
| Cushing's syndrome | 1. Corticosteroid therapy 2. Excess ACTH secretion in pituitary |
| Cyanosis (early; less common) | Tetraology of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus |
| Cyanosis (late; more common) | VSD, ASD, PDA |
| Death in CML | Blast crisis |
| Death in SLE | Lupus nephropathy |
| Dementia | 1. Alzheimer's disease 2. Multiple infarcts |
| Demyelinating disease | Multiple sclerosis |
| DIC | Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma |
| Dietary deficit | Iron |
| Diverticulum in pharynx | Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow) |
| Ejection click | Aortic/ pulmonary stenosis |
| Esophageal cancer | Adenocarcinoma (US), Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide) |
| Food poisoning | S. aureus |
| Gene involved in cancer | p53 tumor suppressor gene |
| Glomerulonephritis (adults) | Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy) |
| Gynecologic malignancy | Endometrial carcinoma |
| Heart murmur | Mitral valve prolapse |
| Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis | Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug user), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever) |
| Helminth infections (US) | 1. Enterobius vermicularis 2. Ascaris lumbricoides |
| Epidural hematoma | Rupture of middle menigeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast) |
| Subdural hematoma | Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow) |
| Hemochromatosis | Multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hepatitis B and C) |
| Hereditary bleeding disorder | von Willebrand's disease |
| Hereditary harmless jaundice | Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
| HLA-B27 | Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis |
| HLA-DR3 or -DR4 | Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE |
| Holosystolic murmur | VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation |
| Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis | Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis) |
| Secondary hypertention | Renal disease |
| Hypoparathyroidism | Thyroidectomy |
| Hypopituitarism | Adenoma |
| Infection in blood transfusion | Hepatitis C |
| Kidney stones | 1. Calcium = radiopaque 2. Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) 3. Uric acid = radiolucent |
| Late cyanotic shunt (late L->R becomes R->L) | Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia) |
| Liver disease | Alcoholic liver disease |
| Lysosomal storage disease | Gaucher's disease |
| Male cancer | Prostatic carcinoma |
| Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever | Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| Malignant skin tumor | Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes) |
| Mental retardation | 1. Down syndrome 2. Fragile X syndrome |
| Mets to bone | Breast, lung thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney |
| Mets to brain | Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI |
| Mets to liver | Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas |
| Mitral valve stenosis | Rheumatic heart disease |
| Motor neuron disease | ALS |
| Myocarditis | Coxsackie B |
| Neoplasm (kids) | 1. ALL 2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma |
| Nephrotic syndrome (adults) | Membranous glomerulonephritis |
| Nephrotic syndrome (kids) | Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids) |
| Obstruction of male urinary tract | BPH |
| Opening snap | Mitral stenosis |
| Opportunistic infection in AIDS | Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia |
| Organ receiving mets | Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply) |
| Organ sending mets | Lung > breast, stomach |
| Osteomyelitis | S. aureus |
| Osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease | Salmonella |
| Osteomyelitis with IV drug use | Pseudomonas |
| Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer | Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells) |
| Ovarian tumor (benign) | Serous cystadenoma |
| Ovarian tumor (malignant) | Serous cystadenocarcinoma |
| Pancreatic tumor | Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas) |
| Pancreatitis (acute) | EtOH and gallstones |
| Pancreatitis (chronic) | EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids) |
| Palient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML | ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult > 60, CML: adult 35-50 |
| Patient with Hodgkin's disease | Young male (except nodular sclerosis type: female) |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease | Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis) |
| Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl) | CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML) |
| Pituitary tumor | 1. Prolactinoma 2. Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma |
| Pneumonia, hospital acquired | Klebsiella |
| Primary amenorrhea | Turner's syndrome (XO) |
| Primary bone tumor (adults) | Multiple myeloma |
| Primary hyperaldosteronism | Adenoma of adrenal cortex |
| Primary hyperparathyroidism | 1. Adenomas 2. Hyperplasia 3. Carcinoma |
| Primary liver cancer | Hepatocellular carcinoma (also known as hepatoma) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | COPD |
| Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities | Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco) |
| Renal tumor | Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH) |
| Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause | Cor pulmonale |
| S3 (protodiastolic gallop) | ↑ ventricular filling (L → R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF]) |
| S4 (presystolic gallop) | Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) |
| Secondary hyperparathyroidism | Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease |
| Sexually transmitted disease | Chlamydia |
| SIADH | Small cell carcinoma of the lung |
| Site of diverticula | Sigmoid colon |
| Site of metastasis | 1. Regional lymph nodes 2. Liver |
| Sites of atherosclerosis | Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
| Stomach cancer | Adenocarcinoma |
| Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas) |
| t(14;18) | Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation) |
| t(8;14) | Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation) |
| t(9;22) | Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid) |
| Temporal arteritis | Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery |
| Testicular tumor | Seminoma |
| Thyroid cancer | Papillary carcinoma |
| Tumor in women | Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent) |
| Tumor of infancy | Hemangioma |
| Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults) | Pheochromocytoma (usually benign) |
| Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids) | Neuroblastoma (malignant) |
| Type of Hodgkin's | Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) |
| Type of non-Hodgkin's | Diffuse large cell |
| UTI | E. oli, Staphylococcus saprophylicus (young women) |
| Viral encephalitis | HSV |
| Vitamin deficiency (U.S.) | Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply) |
Created by:
megankirch
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