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A & P I- Lab Midterm
Lessons 1-6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| System that consists of the external body covering | Integumentary |
| system assists with movement and heat production | muscular |
| system that protects you from pathogens | lymphatic ex: spleen |
| system that does goes exchange | respiratory ex: trachea, lungs, and diaphragm |
| system that helps break down food | digestive ex: stomach, liver, large and small intestines |
| system that detects and responds to stimuli | nervous |
| system that secretes hormones | endocrine |
| System that transports and circulates blood throughout the body | cardiovascular ex: heart |
| system that eliminates wastes | urinary ex: kidney and urinary bladder |
| system that produces offspring and secretes hormones | reproductive |
| system that provides the body's framework and protects organs | skeletal |
| ventral (anterior) body cavity | thoracic cavity abdominopelvic cavity lined with serous membrane |
| What body cavity are the lungs found | Thoracic/ pleural |
| What body cavity is the heart found | Thoracic/ pericardial |
| What body cavity is the liver found | abdominal / abdominopelvic |
| What body cavity are the small intestines and urinary bladder found | abdominal / abdominopelvic |
| What quadrant is the appendix found in? | RL |
| What quadrant is most of the stomach found in? | LU |
| What quadrant is the liver found in? | RU |
| What quadrant is the gall bladder found in? | RU |
| What quadrant is most of the small intestines found in? | LL |
| in front of / toward the front | anterior |
| in back of/ toward the back | posterior |
| on the inside | deep |
| on the outside | superficial |
| closer to the limb's attachment point | proximal |
| farther from the limb's attachment point | distal |
| toward the midline | medial |
| away from the midline | lateral |
| above | superior |
| below | inferior |
| The liver is ______ to the small intestine | superior |
| The heart is _______ to the lungs | medial |
| The trachea is _______ to the esophagus | anterior |
| The urinary bladder is _______ to the esophagus | inferior |
| The humerous is ________ to the ulna | proximal |
| The vertebrae is _____ to the sternum | posterior |
| The skin is _______ to the ribs | superficial |
| Part focuses light on the specimen | condenser |
| part that magnifies the slide 4x and used to locate the specimen | scanning objective lens |
| part that regulates the amount of light entering the specimen | iris diaphragm |
| part of the microscope that you look into and is magnified 10x | ocular lens |
| part of the microscope that magnifies 10x | low power objective |
| part that moves the stage up and down in big increments | coarse adjustment knob |
| part that moves the stage up and down in small increments | fine adjustment knob |
| part that magnifies 40x | high power objective lens |
| the ability to switch from one objective to another and stay in focus | parfocal |
| the space between the objective lens and the slide | working distance |
| range of depths in which a specimen stays in focus | depth of view |
| part of the slide that is visible through the ocular lens | field of view |
| the membrane that separates the DNA from the cytoplasm | nuclear envelope |
| site of ribosome assembly | nucleolus |
| the name of the organelle that contains the cell's DNA | Nucleus |
| site of ATP synthesis in the cell | mitochondria |
| the organelle that packages proteins and forms lysosomes | Golgi apparatus |
| freely floating small organelle that makes proteins | ribosomes |
| large organelle that makes proteins and sends them to the Golgi apparatus | Rough ER |
| the site of free radical neutralization and detoxification | peroxisome |
| the site of intercellular digestion | lysosome |
| the site of lipid and steroid synthesis and lipid metabolism | smooth ER |
| these are small organelles that divide a cell's genetic information during mitosis | centrioles |
| structure used ro propel substances across the cell | cilia |
| the structure that separates the inside and outside of the cell | plasma membrane |
| the structure used to propel a cell during movement | flagella |
| genetic material of a cell | DNA |
| loose form of this genetic material | chromatin |
| X-shaped structure is called | chromosome |
| each half of the X is identical to each other | chromatids |
| halves are connected to each other in the middle | centromere |
| process that the cell uses to divide its DNA | mitosis |
| phase when the chromosomes are lined up in the center of the cell | metaphase |
| phase when the cell's DNA condenses into chromosomes | prophase |
| part of the cell cycle when a cleavage furrow develops and the cytoplasm of the cell divides | cytokinesis |
| phase when the chromosomes are split in half and travel to opposite ends of the dividing cell | anaphase |
| phase when a nuclei form around the DNA in the two new cells | telophase |
| absorption and secretion of substances like nutrients and water | microvilli |
| What general type of epithelium protects the body against abrasion | stratified epithelium |
| What general type of epithelium allows substances like gases to diffuse through | simple epithelium |
| Location: the aveoli (air sacs) of the lungs Function: gas exchange | simple squamous epithelium |
| Location: ducts of glands and kidney tubules Function: secretion of products | simple cuboidal epithelium |
| Location: GI tract Function: absorption of nutrients and secretion of enzymes/mucus | non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium |
| Location: bronchioles tubes and fallopian tubes Function: movement of mucus, propulsion of mucus and foreign objects out of throat | ciliated simple columnar epithelium |
| Location: trachea and upper respiratory tract Function: secretion of mucus, propulsion of mucus and foreign objects out of throat | ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
| Location: lining of mouth and esophagus Function: protection against abrasion, water loss and microbe invasion | non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| Location: the epidermis layer Function: protection against abrasion, water loss, and UV radiation and microbes | keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| Location: sweat glands Function: secretion and absorption | stratified cuboidal epithelium |
| Location: salivary glands Function: secretion | stratified columnar epithelium |
| Location: urinary bladder and ureters Function: allows organs to stretch | Transitional epithelium |
| Location: papillary of the dermis, around organs Function: wraps and cushions organs | areolar loose connective tissue |
| Location: subcutaneous layer of the skin Function: energy reserve, prevents heat loss, supports and protects organs | adipose loose tissue |
| Location: lymph nodes and spleen Function: filters and removes old blood cells or microbes | reticular loose connective tissue |
| Location: tendons and ligaments Function: attachment and withstands pulling | dense regular connective tissue |
| Location: reticular layer of the dermis Function: provides strength in multiple directions | dense irregular connective tissue |
| Location: walls of large arteries, trachea, and bronchial tubes Function: returns organs to shape after stretching | dense elastic connective tissue |
| Location: embryonic and fetal skeleton, at the end of long bones Function: provides a smooth surface for movement and cushions and resists compression stress | hyaline cartilage connective tissue |
| Location: intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis Function: absorbing shock and joining structures together | fibrocartilage connective tissue |
| Location: the external ear and epiglottis Function: maintains shape of structures | elastic cartilage connective tissue |
| Location: compact bones-outside and spongy bone-inside Function: supports and protects body organs, enables movement, and stores bone marrow | bone connective tissue |
| Location: inside blood vessels Function: transports respiratory gases, nutrients and wastes, enables blood clotting | blood connective tissue |
| Location: skeletal muscles Function: motion, posture, and heat production | skeletal muscle tissue |
| Location: the wall of the heart Function: pumps blood to the rest of the body | Cardiac muscle tissue |
| Location: walls of hallow internal organs Function: movement of substances | Smooth muscle tissue |
| Location: brain, spinal cord, and nerves Function: send electrical signals | neurons cells |
| Location: brain, spinal cord, and nerves Function: provide structural support for neurons and protect and nourishes neurons | glial cells |
| Where in the body is thin skin found? | almost everywhere on the body |
| Where in the body is thick skin found? | in areas of high friction |
| the pain receptors found in the papillary layer of the dermis | free nerve endings |
| the glands that secrete oil onto the hair follicles | sebaceous glands |
| glands that secrete the oil and protein rich solution causing body odor | apocrine glands |
| glands that secrete watery sweat on the skin's surface for thermoregulation | eccrine glands |
| the receptors nin the dermal papillae that detect texture, shape, and light touch | tactile corpuscles |
| the smooth muscle attached to hairs that cause goosebumps | arrector pili muscle |
| the receptors deep min the dermis that detect course touch and deep pressure | lamellar corpuscle |
| types of cells found in keratinized stratified squamous epithelium | keratinocytes |
| type of cells found in cartilage tissue | chondrocytes |
| types of cells found in some epithelial tissue type that makes mucus | goblet cells |
| type of cells found in bone connective tissue | osteocytes |
| type of cells found in blood connective tissue that initiates immune reactions | leukocytes |
| type of cells found in blood connective tissue that transport oxygen | erthrocytes |
| type of cells found in adipose connective tissue | adipocytes |
| type of cells found in most connective tissues that make protein fibers | fibroblasts |
| the name of the small spaces where osteocytes are found | lacuna |
| the blood supply found in the middle of each osteon | central canal |
| the small pathways that allow osteocytes to share nutrients | canaliculi |
| the protective membrane surrounding bones that has blood vessels | periosteum |
| bones are about as long as they are wide, making them cube shaped | short bones |
| bones are thin bones and sometimes curve at the edges | flate bones |
| bones are longer than they are wide | long bones |
| bones have complicated shapes, so they are hard to classify | irregular bones |
| Words that mean some kind of hole | 1-fissure 2-sinus 3-foramen 4-meatus |
| mean some kind of indentation | 1-cavity 2-sulcus 3-notch 4-fossa |
| words mean something on the edge | 1-border 2-margin 3-angle |
| words that mean some kind of projection | 1-tuberosity 2-tubercle 3-line 4-spine 5-malleolus 6-condyle 7-head 8-crest 9-epicondyle 10-process 11-trochanter |
Created by:
vtlove116
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