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Basic vocab/systems
basic terms and body systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts, as well as their relationship to each other |
| Physiology | study of how body parts work and what their function is |
| Homeostasis | the tendency of the body to maintain internal stability (usually controlled by negative feedback) |
| Negative feedback | decreases an imbalance in the body; a stimulus such as high body temperature causes the body's sensor (nerve cells) to make the control center (hypothalamus) send a message to the effector, in this case the sweat glands which will release sweat |
| Positive feedback | rare; increases an imbalance in the body until a specific goal is reached (child birth and blood clotting) |
| Body's structural organization | chemicals (atoms/molecules)- cells- tissues (specialized cells)- organs (2+ tissues)- organ system- organism |
| Integumentary system | skin - external body covering - protects deep tissue from injury - regulates body temperature |
| Skeletal system | bones, cartilage, joints - protects/supports body organs - forms blood cells - provides framework for muscles to allow movement |
| Muscular system | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle - allows movements and facial expression - maintains posture - produces heat |
| Nervous system | brain, spinal cord, nerves - fast acting control system - responds to internal and external changes |
| Endocrine system | glands - secretes hormones to regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism |
| Cardiovascular system | heart and blood vessels - heart pumps blood - blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, and more to and from cells |
| Lymphatic system | lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels - returns fluid leaked from blood vessels to blood - cleans lymphatic fluid of bacteria and foreign matter |
| Respiratory system | nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs - exchanges gas with the external environment - keeps the blood supplied with oxygen and rids it of carbon dioxide |
| Digestive system | mouth, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, gallbladder - breaks food into absorb-able units that enter the blood and go to body cells - eliminates undigested food as solid waste |
| Urinary system | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra - eliminates nitrogenous wastes - regulates the blood's water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance |
| Reproductive system | penis and testes (male), ovaries, uterus, Fallopian tubes (female) - production of offspring |
Created by:
miasaittaa
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