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Thorax Uddin
Anatomy Thorax 1/1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the floor or thoracic outlet is made of what? | diaphragm |
| the superior opening of the thorax is called? | thoracic inlet |
| the thoracic inlet boundaries are what? | manubrium, 1st thoracic vertebra, and 1st ribs |
| the thoracic cavity contains the primary organs of what 2 systems? | respiratory and cardiovascular |
| what 2 muscles are not included in the thoracic wall? | pec major and minor |
| what are the functions of the thoracic dome? | protection, resist negative pressure, provide attachment for and support the weight of the upper limb |
| how many pairs of ribs and vertebrae make up the thoracic wall? | 12 of each |
| pectus excavatum is characterized by what? | concave depression of the anterior chest wall |
| what can cause pectus excavatum? | pressure on the chest during development, abnormal diaphragm position, abnormal connective tissue production |
| what is the presentation of pectus carinatum? | protrusion of the sternum and costal cartilages |
| what can cause pectus carinatum? | abnormal cartilage or sternal growth, connective tissue disorders |
| what are associated diseases of pectus carinatum? | scoliosis and congenital heart disease |
| multiple double rib fractures can result in what? | flail chest: unstable chest wall |
| thoracic outlet syndrome will most effect what 2 nerves? | median and ulnar |
| thoracic outlet syndrome may put pressure on what 2 vascular structures? | subclavian artery and vien |
| ribs can be classified in what 3 catagories? | true, false, and floating |
| what are the true ribs? | 1-7 |
| what are the false ribs? | 8, 9, 10 |
| what are the floating ribs? | 11 and 12 |
| which ribs are atypical? | 1,2, 10-12 |
| what is the least likely rib to be fractured? | 1st |
| displacement of costal cartilage from the sternum is called ? | dislocation of the rib |
| displacement of the rib from costal cartilage is called? | separation of ribs |
| surgical creation of an opening through the thoracic wall is called? | thoracotomy |
| resection of the ribs or their replacement with an inward convexity device intended to decrease thoracic volume is called ? | thoracoplasty |
| what is a complication with thoracoplasty? | restriction in ventilation |
| what are the 3 parts of the sternum? | manubrium, sternum, and xiphiod process |
| the joint between the manubrium and sternum is commonly called what ? | angle of louis |
| the angle of louis indicates what rib level? | 2 |
| the angle of louis is located at which vertebrae level? | T4 |
| the xiphiod process is located at which vertebrae level? | T10 |
| the xiphiod process indicates the superior limit of what organ? and inferior border of what organ? | liver; heart |
| a fracture of the sternum is what type? | comminuted-broken into many pieces |
| what is performed to gain access to the thoracic cavity for coronary artery grafting or to remove a superior lung tumor? | median sternotomy |
| disease that effects the mobility of the chest wall; chronic inflammatory disease effecting joints of the axial skeleton | ankylosing spondylitis |
| the vertical dimension increase due to what? | contraction of the diaphragm |
| the AP and X-diminsions increase due to what? | rise of anterior and lateral part of the ribs |
| what causes the ribs to move during normal respiration? | external intercostal muscles |
| each half of the diaphragm is innervated by what nerve? | phrenic- one for each side |
| during normal respiration the hemi-diaphragms move which way? | inferiorly and flattens |
| if there is damage to the phrenic nerve which way will the diaphragm move when breathing in? | superiorly |
| where does lymph above the clavicle drain into? | the inferior jugular lymph nodes |
| where does parietal lymph below the clavicle drain into? | the axillary lymph nodes |
| the jugular notch is located at what vertebrae level? | T2 |
| the manubrium is located at what vertebrae level? | T3 & T4 |
| what is used for locating the proper hand position for CPR? | infrasternal angle |
| what direction do the external intercostal muscles run? | inferomedialy |
| what muscles elevate the ribs during normal inspiration? | external intercostal muscles |
| what accessory muscles are used during forced inspiration? | sternoclatomastoid and scalene muscles |
| the internal intercostal muscles run in what direction? | inferoposteriorly |
| what do the nerves and veins in the thoracic wall run between? | internal and innermost intercostal muscles |
| if making an incision into the pleural cavity what would you find deep to the innermost intercostal muscles? | endothoracic fascia |
| what lies deep to the endothoracic fascia and lines the inside of the thoracic cavity? | parietal pleura |
| what order do the artery vein and nerve lie in? | VAN: vein, artery, nerve |
| where should injections in the thoracic cavity be given? | in the middle to avoid the nerves |
| posterior intercostal arteries supply which intercostal spaces? | 3-11 |
| the subcostal artery supplies what area of the thoracic cavity | area below the 12th rib |
| the superior intercostal artery supplies which intercostal spaces | 1 and 2 |
| what branches off the aorta supply the thoracic wall? | posterior intercostals and subcostal artery |
| the anterior intercostal veins drain into what? | internal thoracic veins |
| the posterior intercostal veins drain into what? | azygos veins |
| the right azygos vein drains into what? | superior vena cava |
| the left hemiazygos and left accessory hemiazygos vein drain into what? | right azygos vein |
| the anterior rami of T1-T11 form what nerves? | intercostal nerves |
| where are the typical intercostal nerves? | 3rd to 6th intercostal nerves |
| near the angle of the rib the nerves move from within the endothoraic fascia into ? | between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles |
| where do the collateral branches in the thoracic wall originate? | the sharpest angel of the rib |
| where are the atypical intercostal nerves? | 1st, 2nd, 7th-11th |
| what branches does the 1st intercostal nerve lack? | anterior and lateral branches |
| what intercostal nerve gives rise to the intercostalbrachial nerve? | 2nd |
| the 7th through 11th intercostal nerves are atypical why? | they supply the abdomen as well as the thorax |
| what is a herpes zoster infection of the spinal ganglia also called? | shingles |
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