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government 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| government | institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled |
| politics | conflict over the leadership, structure, and policies of governments |
| Political Efficacy | the ability to influence government and politics |
| citizenship | informed and active membership in a political community |
| Political Knowledge | Possessing information about the formal institutions of government, political actors, and political issues |
| Representative Democracy | A system of government in which the populace selects representatives, who play a significant role in governmental decisions making |
| Liberty | Freedom from government control |
| Equality of Opportunity/Political Equality | A widely shared American ideal that all people should have freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential |
| Majority Rule/Minority Rights | The democratic principle that a government follows the preferences of the majority of voters but protects the interests of the minority |
| DIFFERENT FORMS OF GOVERNMENT | |
| autocracy | a single person (king/queen) rules |
| oligarchy | a small group control most of the government decisions |
| political sovereignty | in which political authority rests in the hands of the people |
| democracy | A political system that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, where they are vested with the power to rule themselves, usually through the election of key public officials |
| constitutional government | a system of rule in which formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of government |
| authoritarian | the government recognizes no formal limits, but may be restrained by the power of other social institutions |
| Totalitarian | in which the government recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutions that might challenge it |
| political culture | broadly shared values, and attitudes about how the government should function. |
| values | liberty, equality, and justice |
| John Locke's influence | advanced the important ideas of limited government and consent of the governed |
| the colonial elite | merchants, planters, royalists |
| declaration of independence | written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 it set the foundation for the United States as an independent nation and proclaimed liberty, equality, and justice. |
| Thomas Jefferson | third president of the U.S (1801-1809) |
| Articles of Confederation | the first written constitution in 1777 with 13 articles |
| perpetual union | within the articles of confederation stating that the states can't withdraw from the union. |
| Constitutional Convention | a meeting of 55 delegates who planned to revise the articles of Conferderation |
| 3/5 compromise | A compromise made during the constitutional convention between the north and the south to count every 3 out of 5 slaves would be counted for a state's population. |
| U.S constitution | The document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets forth the institutional structure of the U.S. government and the tasks these institutions perform. It replaced the Articles of Confederation. |
| Articles | 1. The Legislative Branch 2. The Executive Branch 3. The Judicial Branch 4. National Unity and Power 5. Amending the Constitution 6. National Supremacy 7. Ratification |
| Three Co-Equal Branches of government | Legislative Branch, Executive Branch, and Judicial Branch |
| Expressed Powers | specific powers granted by the constitution to congress and the president |
| Judicial Review | Judicial branches power to declare actions or laws made by the other branches unconstitutional |
| Amendments | changes added to bills, laws, or constitutions: there are currently 27 |
| British tax policies | the imposition of taxes on the colonies to offset debt from war |
| Boston Tea Party | a protest in 1773 in which Boston colonists disguised themselves as Mohawks. dumped tea into the Boston harbor |
| The “Intolerable Act of 1774” | A series of laws set up by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for its protests against the British |
| Annapolis Convention | September 1786 Convention where delegates from five states met and ended up suggesting a convention to amend the Articles of Confederation |
| shay’s Rebellion | rebellion led by Daniel shays of farmers in Massachusetts, protesting mortgage foreclosures |
| Federalists & Anti-Federalists | people who either supported or opposed the U.S Constitution. |
| Virginia Plan | A framework for the constitution that called for state representation based on population. |
| New Jersey Plan | A framework for the constitution that called for equal state representation in the national legislature regardless of population. |
| Connecticut plan | a plan that called for a two-house congress in which both plans will be applied (H.o.R and Senate) |
| Slave States & Non-Slave States | Virginia down: new jersey and Pennsylvania up |
| Checks and Balances | a system that allows each branch of government that limits the powers of other branches to prevent abuse of power. |
| Federalism | a system of government in which power is divided by a central government and reginal governments. |
| 10th amendment/ reserved powers | powers reserved that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states |
| State Police Powers | a power reserved for the states |
| Concurrent Powers | power possessed by both state AND national government |
| Full Faith and Credit Clause | requiring that states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state |
| Privileges and Immunities Clause | a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state, or give it its own residentials special treatment |
| Commerce Clause | to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with Indian tribes. |
| Unfunded Mandates | a law requiring states to perform a certain action without federal funding. |
| General Revenue Sharing | federal aid to the states without any conditions as to how the money can be spent |
| welfare/redistribution programs | money is redistributed from wealthier segments of society to fund initiatives that benefit the broader population |
| Grants in-aid | money provided by the government on the condition that it be spent for a particular purpose defined by Congress |
Created by:
cassandrastuart24
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