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Human Anatomy 1.5

The integumentary system

TermDefinition
The integumentary system Consists of kin, hair, oil, sweat glands, nails, and sensory receptors. Maintains body temp, converts vitamin D to active.
Cutaneous membrane Dry membrane, the skin. Covers body and large organs.
Epidermis Most superficial layer, thinnest.
Dermis Most deep layer, thickest.
Hypodermis Not skin, deep in dermis. Subcutaneous. Attaches skin to tissue.
Epidermis cell types Keratinocytes, 90% of cells, provides protection. Melanocytes, produce pigment, protects against uv damage. Langerhans, immune response, helps when bacteria enters skin. Tactile, touch.
Epidermis skin types Thin skin covers all body regions except where hair doesn't grow. Thick skin, palms, digits, and soles. Where hair doesn't grow.
Epidermis layers Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum.
Stratum basale Deepest layer; basement. Single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes. Undergo division to produce new keratinocytes.
Stratum spinosum Finger like. 8 to 1o rows of many sided keratinocytes. Second thickest.
Stratum granulosum 3 to 5 rows of flattened keratinocytes. Organelles degenerate, Water repellant.
Stratum lucidum Thick skin only. Only on skin of fingertips, palms, and soles. 4 to 6 rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes.
Stratum corneum Superficial. Multilayered rows of dead, flat keratinocytes.
Dermis Composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers. Stretch marks can appear.
Papillary dermis Superficial portion of the dermis. Areolar connective tissue. Thin collagen and fine elastic fibers.
Reticular dermis Deeper portion of the dermis. Dense irregular connective tissue. Thick collagen, coarse elastic fibers. Space between fibers.
Skin pigments Basale produces melanin. Hemogoblin a red pigment. Carotene yellow-orange pigment in the corneum.
Albinism Absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes due to lack of melanin.
Vitiligo Depigmentation patches in the skin. Loss of melanocytes.
Hair shaft Above skin surface.
Hair root Penetrates into dermis.
Hair follicle Surrounds the root below the skin.
Hair bulb At base of follicle Contains the matrix
Papilla Blood vessels into hair bulb.
Types of hair Lanugo, covers fetus. Terminal, long heavily pigmented. Vellus or peach fuzz, short pale hairs.
Skin glands Sebaceous glands. Eccrine sweat glands. Apocrine sweat glands. Ceruminous glands.
Sebaceous glands Sac on the side of bulb. Lips, penis, labia minora, tarsal, trunk and limbs. Deposits sebum to lubricate skin and hair. Develops during puberty but not childhood.
Eccrine sweat glands Leads to surface. Throughout most of the body. Forehead, palms, soles. Perspiration of acids. Regulates body temp, waste removal, stimulated during emotional stress. Develops soon after birth.
Apocrine sweat glands Leads to gland / bulb. Axillae, groin, areolae, beards, clitoris, labia minora. Perspiration of acids, lipids, and proteins. Stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement. Develops during puberty.
Ceruminous glands Ear wax. External auditory canal. Waxy material. Prevents foreign bodies and insects from entering the ear, waterproof canal prevents microbes from entering ear. Develops soon after birth.
Hyponychium Nail bed, attaches nail to fingertip.
Eponychium Cuticle, attaches nail wall to epidermis.
Nail matrix Cell division occurs resulting in nail growth.
Lunula Crescent shaped area above cuticle.
Thermoregulation Sweat, blood flow to dermis.
Blood reservoir Dermis has many blood vessels, can hold 8% to 10% of total blood flow.
Cutaneous sensations Tactile, thermal, pain.
Created by: LaurenNeer
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