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Human Anatomy 1.3

Cellular Structure Functions & Phases

TermDefinition
Mitochondria Site of aerobic cellular respiration for ATP production.
Peroxisomes Oxidize amino acids, produce hydrogen peroxide, and detoxifies harmful substances.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) Site of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and steroid synthesis, detoxifies toxic substances.
Lysosomes Digests worn-out organelles and substances that enter the cell.
Plasma membrane Controls movements of substances into and out of the cell.
Centrosomes Organizes mitotic spindles for cell division, and the centrioles that form cilia and flagella.
Microvilli Folds of the plasma membrane that increases its surface area.
Cytoskeleton Protein filaments, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules that maintain cell shape and movement.
Cilia Short projections that move fluids and particles along the cells surface by rhythmically beating together.
Chromatin Long, thin strands within the nucleus, each strand is DNA / proteins that twist and pack to form chromosomes.
Nucleolus Assembly site for ribosomes.
Nucleus Contains the cells hereditary information in genes, directs cellular activities.
Cytoplasm Area of the cell that includes the cytosol and organelles.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) Site of processing secretory proteins that are made at the attached ribosomes.
Golgi complex Membranous sacs, site of glycoprotein, glycolipid, and lipoprotein synthesis.
Ribosomes Protein synthesis sire, can be attached to RER or be free in the cytoplasm.
Organelles "Little organs" within the cytoplasm with specific functions.
Cytosol Fluid portions of cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles.
Flagella Whip-like projections that are longer than cilia, move cells by a whip-like rotary motion.
Interphase Normal cell work, cell active and growing, DNA replicates, chromosomes not visible, longest phase.
Miotic phase Cell division.
Mitosis Nucleus divides to form two genetically identical nuclei.
Prophase Centrioles move to opposite poles, nuclear membrane disappears, two chromosomes, spindle fibers.
Metaphase Chromosomes line up.
Anaphase Chromatids separate from the line and move to opposite poles.
Telophase Nucleus reappear, chromosomes into chromatin, Spidle fibers disappear.
Cytokenisis Divides into daughter cells, cytoplasmic division.
Created by: LaurenNeer
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