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A&P Chap. 1
Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1, Lessons 1.1 - 1.4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomical Position | standing w/ feet + shoulders apart, face and shoulders front facing, palms of hands forward |
| Frontal Plane | front and back |
| Sagittal Plane | right and left |
| Transverse | top and bottom |
| Abduction and adduction | frontal movement |
| Flexion and extension | sagittal movement |
| Promation and supination | transverse movement |
| Superior | toward the head (above) |
| Inferior | toward the toes (below) |
| Anterior | to the front |
| Posterior | to the back |
| Medial | to the center |
| Lateral | away from the center |
| Proximal | toward the trunk (upper) |
| Distal | away from the trunk (lower) |
| Superficial | toward the surface (skin) |
| Deep | away from the surface (toward bone) |
| Cranial cavity | head (brain) |
| Spinal cavity | spinal cord |
| Thoracic cavity | heart + lungs |
| Abdominopelvic | liver, digestive, reproductive organs |
| The Metric System | unit of measure used in all fields of science |
| Units of the Metric System | meter, kilogram, seconds, degree Kelvin |
| Atoms | most basic level of function |
| Molecules | atoms grouped (water, proteins, carbohydrates) |
| Cells | functional unit of the body |
| Tissues | above cells |
| Organs | above tissues |
| Organ system | above all |
| Atom -> Molecules -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ System | structural and functional organization |
| Mitosis, meiosis | cell division |
| Cardiovascular | heart, blood vessels |
| Lympathic | lymph nodes, spleen, vessels |
| Digestive | oral, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, rectum, anus |
| Urinary | kidney, bladder, ureter (male), urethra (female) |
| Male reproductive system | seminal vessels, prostate gland, ductos deferens, penis, testis, scrotum |
| Female reproductive system | mammary glands, uterine tube, ovaries, uterus, vaginal |
| Integumentary | epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, associated glands, hair, nails (protects body) |
| Skeletal | cartilage, joints, bone (supports body) |
| Muscular | skeletal muscles (moves the body) |
| Nervous | spinal cord, nerves (interprets) |
| Endocrine | thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovary (female), testis (male) (secretes hormones) |
| Respiratory | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs (delivers oxygen) |
| Cardiovascular | heart, blood vessels, veins (transports oxygen) |
| Lymphatic | lymphatic vessels and nodes (fluids) |
| Digestive | mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines (processes nutrients) |
| Urinary | kidneys, bladder (removes waste) |
| Reproductive | male testes, scrotum penis female ovaries, uterus, vagina (offspring) |
| Special sensory | eyes, ears, smell, taste, touch (5 senses) |
| Kinetics | analysis of the actions of forces |
| Force | can be a push or pull action |
| Mass and weight | quantity of matter |
| Torque | rotary effect of force (rotations) |
| Biomechanics | based on the analysis of the forces, both internal and external |
| Tension | stretching force |
| Compression | pushing/squeezing force |
| Shear | perpendicular to the length of object, slides relative to another part of that object |
| Elastic | temporary* only when force is being applied |
| Plastic | permanent* stays after force is removed |
| Bending | loading pattern created |
| Scientific Method | 1. observation 2. question 3. hypothesis 4. experiment 5. analysis 6. conclusion |
| Theories | formed only after thorough research of hypothesis is completed |
| Descriptive research | "what's out there", describing |
| Comparative research | making comparisons between groups |
| Experimental research | experimenting to conclude w/ research research -> theory |
| Research safety | Yourself, your patient, environmental |
| Why is skin more elastic than bone? | Skin has elastin which allows it to stretch and form to the structure of the body. |
Created by:
sking570
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