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Anp2 Chapter 12
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 3 systems make up the nervous system in whole ? | -The central nervous system (CNS) -The peripheral nervous system (PNS) -The enteric nervous system (ENS) |
| The central nervous nervous system is made up of (2) | -the brain -the spinal cord |
| The function of the central nervous system is to (2) | - Process sensory data -Send motor commands |
| The peripheral nervous system is made up of (2) | -nerves -ganglia -sensory receptors |
| What 2 divisions make up the peripheral nervous system ? | -Afferent division (arrival) -Efferent division (exit) |
| The afferent division is made up of (3) | -SPECIAL sensory receptors -SOMATIC sensory receptors -VISCERAL sensory receptors |
| The function of the afferent division is to (1) | -send info from the sensory organs to the CNS |
| what 2 divisions make up the efferent division ? | -Somatic nervous system -Autonomic nervous system |
| the somatic division is made up of (1) | -skeletal muscle |
| the autonomic division is made up of(3) | -smooth muscle -cardiac muscle -glands |
| the function of the efferent division is to (1) | - send out motor commands from the CNS to the sensory organs |
| what does the sympathetic nervous system do ? | put the body in alert mode |
| what does the parasympathetic nervous system do ? | put the body in chill mode |
| The enteric nervous system is made up of (1) | -neurons in the digestive tract |
| what are the main 5 structure of the neuron | -cell body -axon hillock -dendrites -axons -synapse |
| what does the neuron cell body contain | -nucleus -organelles |
| the function of dendrites is to (1) | - receive information from other neurons |
| the function of the axon is to (1) | -propagate action potential |
| the function of the synapse is to (1) | - communicate to other neurons through the release of neurotransmitters |
| the 2 types of axoplasmic transport are | - retrograde transport - anterograde transport |
| which direction does retrograde flow? | -from the synapse to the cell body |
| which direction does anterograde flow? | -from the cell body to the synapse |
| what does the retrograde flow carry to the cell body ? (2) | - debris -other materials |
| what does the anterograde flow carry to the synapse? (3) | -neurotransmitters -enzymes -lysosomes |
| what are the 4 structural types of neurons ? | -anaxonic neurons -bipolar neurons -unipolar neurons -multipolar neurons |
| the structure of an anaxonic neuron has (2) | -more than 2 processes -no obvious axons |
| anaxonic neurons are found in (2) | - the brain -the retina |
| the structure of a bipolar neuron has (1) | -2 processes separated by the cell body |
| Bipolar neurons are found in (3) | -the eye -the inner ear -the nose |
| the structure of a unipolar neuron has (1) | -a single elongated process with the cell body off to the side |
| unipolar neurons are found in (1) | -the ganglia of the brain |
| the structure of a multipolar neuron has (1) | -more than 2 processes with 1 axon and multiple dendrites |
| multipolar neurons are found in (1) | -neurons of the CNS |
| what is the most common neuron ? | multipolar neurons |
| what are the 3 functions of neurons | -sensory neurons -motor neurons -interneurons |
| which division of the peripheral nervous system does sensory neurons belong to ? | afferent from sensory organs to the CNS |
| which division of the peripheral nervous system does motor neurons belong to ? | efferent from the CNS to the sensory organs |
| the functions of sensory neurons are to (1) | -monitor the outside and internal environment |
| what does the somatic sensory neuron do ? (1) | -monitor the outside world |
| what does the visceral sensory neuron do ? (1) | -monitor the internal world |
| the function of motor neurons in somatic sensory nerves are to (1) | -supply nerves to the skeletal muscle |
| the function of motor neurons in visceral sensory nerves are to (1) | -supply nerves to the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
| what is the function of an interneuron ? (1) | -to act as both motor and sensory neurons |
| what is a neuroglial cell? | - a cell that attaches to a neuron "glial"=glue |
| there are 4 neuroglial cells of the CNS | -astrocytes -Microglia -ependymal cells -oligodendrocytes |
| astrocyte function (3) | -maintain blood-brain barrier -control environment around neuron -stabilize damaged tissue |
| Microglia function (1) | -engulf debris, waste, and pathogens |
| ependymal cells function (1) | -produce and monitor cerebral spinal fluid |
| oligodendrocytes function(1) | -produce myelin around axons |
| there are 2 neuroglial cells of PNS | -Schwann cells -Satellite cells |
| Schwann cells function (2) | - produce myelin around axons -similar to oligodendrocytes |
| satellite cells function (2) | -controls environment around neurons -similar to astrocytes |
| which cells create the myelin sheath around axons? | CNS: oligodendrocytes PNS: Schwann cells |
| Structure of the myelin sheath (2) | -internodes -nodes of Ranvier |
| what is the resting membrane potential ? | -70 mv |
| concentration of sodium Na+ in the ICF and ECF | -low in ICF -high in ECF |
| concentration of potassium K+ in the ECF and ICF | -high in ICF -low in ECF |
| electrochemical gradient for Na+ and K+ | -Na+ moves into the cell -K+ moves out of the cell |
| how does the sodium potassium pump work ? | 3 Na+ move out of the cell 2 K+ move into the cell |
| why is the resting membrane potential negative ? | - more potassium ions K+ are leaving the cell through K+ leak channels than entering |
| there are 4 types of channels in the neuron cell membrane (4) |
Created by:
jameesha1
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