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Chap. - 24
PharmacologyHSC1149
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contains the same dose of Estrogen and Progestin for 3 weeks and 1 week of inert pills (no hormone) | monophasic combination oral contraceptives |
| Contains the same doses of Estrogen and Progestin which varies at 1 week intervals for a total of 3 weeks and 1 week of inert pills (no hormone) | Triphasic Combination Oral Contraceptives |
| Contains progesterone only which effects the function of uterine endometrium | Progestin IUD |
| Contains high doses of estrogen intended to be taken all in one day | Emergency Contraceptive Kit |
| Contains both estrogen and progestin which are absorbed in high levels by transdermal route | Estrogen Transdermal Patch |
| places women at risk for hemorrhage during labor, delivery, & postpartum | oxcytocin induction |
| emergency contraceptive kit has been approved by FDA for __ purchase | OTC |
| high risk of thromboembolism & strokes in women over 35 who smoke | estrogen preparations |
| usually used as bronchodilator but can also be used to treat preterm labor | terbutaline |
| risk for severe hypotension especially if taken with nitroglycerin for angina | sildenafil (Viagra) |
| must be closely monitored for risk of resp. paralysis that may be fatal | magnesium sulfate |
| chemical substances that originate within different areas of body that regulate functions of reproductive systems | endogenous |
| secreted by anterior & posterior pituitary lobes | gonadotropins |
| include: FSH, LH, & LTH | gonadotropic hormones |
| stimulates development of ovarian follicles in female & sperm production in testes of male | follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
| works in conjunction w/FSH to induce secretion of estrogen, ovulation, & development of corpus luteum | luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| stimulates secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum & secretion of milk by mammary gland | luteotropic hormone (LTH) |
| LTH is termed | lactogenic hormone |
| male hormones; secreted mainly in interstitial tissues of testes & secondarily in adrenal glands of both sexes | androgens |
| stimulate development of male characteristics | testosterone & andosterone |
| male hormone; medication used for replacement therapy and other uses | testosterone |
| may be due to: pituitary malfunction/atrophy, injury to/removal of testes/castration which results in eunuchism or eunuchoidism | inadequate production of androgens |
| include: retarded development of sex organs, absence of body hair/beard, high-pitched voice, & lack of muscular development | eunuchoid characteristics |
| may also result in impotence/deficient sperm production | hypogonadism |
| deficient sperm production | oligospermia |
| use of androgens in cases of diminished testicular hormone | testosterone replacement |
| a condition in which one or both testes fail to descend normally | cryptorchidism |
| cryptorchidism or delayed puberty in the male are considered | congenital hypogonadism |
| inflammation of a testis | orchitis |
| orchitis, trauma, tumor, radiation, surgery of testicles or drug-induced are considered | acquired hypogonadism |
| androgens can be used for __ treatment of females w/advance metastatic (skeletal) carcinoma of breast | palliative |
| androgen used in treatment of advance metastatic (skeletal) carcinoma of breast in the female | methyltestosterone |
| androgen used in treatment of endometriosis & fibrocystic breast disease | danazol |
| indicated for side effect of edema w/androgens | diuretics |
| acne, increased oiliness of skin/hair, or alopecia; jaundice & hepatitis; premature closure of bone ends in adolescents w/stunting of growth are all | side effects of androgens |
| side effects of __ __ __ can include increased LDL, decreased HDL, & insulin resistance | androgen drug therapy |
| patients being treated w/androgen who have cardiac, renal & liver dysfunctions may experience | edema |
| for geriatric males being treated w/androgens may have an increased risk of __ __ and carcinoma or over-stimulation sexually | prostatic hypertrophy |
| patients who are diabetic, obese, or dyslipidemia androgens are | contraindicated |
| androgens can cause interactions w/ __ __, potentiation may cause bleeding | oral anticoagulants |
| androgens can cause interactions w/ diabetic medication caused decreased blood glucose & decreased | insulin requirements |
| antiandrogens that interact with androgens are | dutasteride & finasteride |
| illegal use of anabolic steroids can have potentially serious adverse effects of the development of __ with delusions, paranoia, depression, mania & aggression w/violence | psychosis |
| due to an increased cancer risk, the FDA (but not approved) warned 23 companies to stop manufacturing, marketing, & distributing | Andro, Androstene (androstenedione) |
| all androgen agents are classified as a __ __ (C-III) by DEA due to abuse potential | controlled substance |
| sexual side effects that females can experience from androgens include | hirsutism & voice deepening |
| excessive growth of hair of normal or abnormal distribution | hirsutism |
| class of drug given orally for treatment of male erectile dysfunction (ED)/impotence | phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors |
| first PDE inhibitor approved by FDA to treat ED | sildenafil (Viagra) |
| other PDE inhibitor(s) approved by FDA to treat ED | vardenafil (Levitra) & tadalafil (Cialis) |
| side effects include: headache, flushing, abnormal vision, dizziness; dyspepsia, nasal congestion, rhinitis, diarrhea, rash; cardio events incl angina, syncope, tachycardia, palpitation, & hypotension | PDE inhibitors |
| concurrent use of nitrates or alpha-blockers is contraindicated because use with PDE inhibitors potentiates | hypotensive effects |
| a contraindication of PDE inhibitors includes erections lasting >4h; resulting in tissue damage & __ loss of potency | permanent |
| PDE inhibitors are contraindicated for older adults and patient w/preexisting | cardiovascular risk factors |
| PDE inhibitors are contraindicated for patients with __ or __ function impairment | hepatic; renal |
| nitrates, antiretroviral protease inhibitors, macrolides, & some antifungals interact w/PDE inhibitors by | prolonging hypotensive effects |
| PDE inhibitors should not be taken concurrently with __ __, potentiates hypotensive effects | grapefruit juice |
| female sex hormones; produced mainly by ovary & secondarily by adrenal glands; responsible for development of female secondary characteristics | estrogens |
| during menstrual cycle estrogens act on female genitalis to produce environment suitable for | fertilization, implantation, & nutrition of early embryo |
| estrogens affect secretion of FSH & LH from anterior pituitary by inhibiting | lactation & ovulation |
| sometimes used in management of severe menopausal symptoms that do not respond to one hormone alone | estrogen & testosterone |
| associated w/increased risk of endometrial carcinoma in women w/intact uterus | estrogen therapy (ET) |
| when __ is combined with estrogen, the risk of endometrial cancer is substantially reduced | progestin |
| progestin & estrogen is | combined hormone therapy (HT) |
| main thrust of __ __ was to determine the exact degree to which HTs presumably protect heart & degree to which some of the potential risks of HTs canceled out | WHI study |
| WHI study also explored whether HTs __ fractures, colon cancer, & dementia incl. Alzheimer's disease | prevented |
| WHI study announced the risks of combined HTs __ its benefits when used to prevent certain diseases | outweighed |
| WHI study announced the risks of combined HTs could actually __ __ of certain conditions it was being used to prevent | increase risk |
| ACOG recommendations state __ __ should not be used for prevention of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, due to small/significant increased risk of breast cancer, heart attack, stroke, & blood clots | combined HT |
| ACOG recommendations state that should not be used for women who have had a hysterectomy for the prevention of diseases, due to increased risk of blood clots & stroke | estrogen-alone therapy |
| ACOG recommendations state that women w/a uterus should not use estrogen alone due to increased risk of __ cancer | uterine |
| ACOG recommendations state that HTs are appropriate for relief of | vasomotor symptoms |
| ACOG recommendations state that women in combined HT or ET should take __ __ __ for shortest possible time & annually review decision to take hormones | smallest effective dose |
| women who use the patch contraceptives may __ risks for blood clots | reduce |
| blood clot risk for oral contraceptives may be higher due to the pills being broken down in the liver, where __ involved in formation of blood clots are activated | proteins |
| estrogens in skin patches are released directly into the bloodstream bypassing the | liver completely |
| used for treatment of endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease; trade name for danazol | Danocrine |
| androgen agent used for treatment of anemia of renal disease | nandrolone |
| androgen agent used for treatment of cachexia; trade name for oxandrolone | Oxandrin |
| androgen agent used for treatment of hypogonadism, advanced breast cancer; trade name for testosterone | Depo-Testosterone, Testoderm, Androderm, AndroGel |
| androgen agent used for treatment of menopausal symptoms if estrogen insufficient alone; trade name for testosterone/estrogen | Estratest |
| impotence agent used for treatment of erectile dysfunction, but no effect in absence of sexual stimulation; trade name for sildenafil | Viagra |
| impotence agent used for treatment of erectile dysfunction, but no effect in absence of sexual stimulation; trade name for tadalafil | Cialis |
| impotence agent used for treatment of erectile dysfunction, but no effect in absence of sexual stimulation; trade name for vardenafil | Levitra |
| contraceptives used to treat menstrual irregularities & dysmenorrhea | estrogen & progestin combination |
| ET used to treat menopausal mild-moderate depression only is unable/unwilling to take | SSRIs |
| ET used to treat female hypogonadism due to __ pathology or oophorectomy | ovarian |
| ET used to treat postmenopausal prevention of osteoporosis only if __ to take other agents, or if benefits outweigh risks | unable |
| ET used to treat postmenopausal to reduce __ disease & elevate the HDL in women (conflicting studies | cardiovascular |
| ET used to treat __ __ from decreased secretions, in a low-dose vaginal cream | atrophic vaginitis |
| ET used to treat __ after rape or incest (within 24-48h) in a single large dose to prevent, not terminate, pregnancy | postcoital |
| ET used in palliative treatment for males with advanced, inoperable | prostate cancer |
| hormone secreted by corpus luteum & adrenal glands; resp. for changes in uterine endometrium in 2nd 1/2 of menstrual cycle in prep from implantation of fertilized ovum, devel. maternal placenta after implantation, & devel. mammary glands | progesterone |
| synthetic drugs that exert progesterone-like activity | progestins |
| incl: irregular menses & amenorrhea, breakthrough bleeding/spotting; edema/weight gain; thromboembolic disorders | side effects of progestins |
| progestins are contraindicated for women who are pregnant because of potential adverse effects on | the fetus |
| progestins are contraindicated for breast, cervical, uterine, & vaginal cancer treatment except for | palliative treatment |
| estrogen used in treatment of menopause, prostate cancer, breast cancer, dysfunctional uterine bleeding; trade name for estradiol | Estrace |
| estrogen used in treatment of menopause only; trade name for estradiol | Estrasorb, Estro Gel, Estraderm, Vivelle, Depo-Estradiol |
| estrogen used in treatment of female hypogonadism, breast engorgement, prostate cancer, menopausal sx; trade name for conjugated estrogens | Premarin |
| estrogen used in treatment of female hypogonadism, menopausal symptoms; dysfunctional uterine bleeding; trade name for esterified estrogens | Estratab, Ogen |
| progestins used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, menopausal symptoms, contraception; trade name for medroxyprogesterone | Provera, Depo-Provera |
| progestins used in treatment of endometrial & breast cancer, anorexia, & cachexia of AIDS; trade name for megestrol acetate | Megace |
| combinations used in treatment for menopausal symptoms, female hypogonadism; trade name for conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone | Premphase, Prempro |
| combinations used in treatment for menopausal symptoms; trade name for estradiol/norethindrone | CombiPatch |
| estrogen contraceptive monophasic preparations containing same proportion of estrogen & progesterone in each tablet 50mcg | Ovral, Ovcon-50, |
| estrogen contraceptive monophasic preparations containing same proportion of estrogen & progesterone in each tablet 35mcg | Norinyl I/50 & I/35, Brevicon, Ortho-Cyclen |
| estrogen contraceptive monophasic preparations containing same proportion of estrogen & progesterone in each tablet 30mcg | Lo-Ovral, Loestrin, Yasmin |
| estrogen contraceptive monophasic preparations containing same proportion of estrogen & progesterone in each tablet 20mcg | Loestrin |
| estrogen contraceptive monophasic preparation; 20mcg estrogen patch | Ortho Evra |
| Biphasic prep; 2 sequences progestin, 1 part estrogen; 35 mcg estrogen | Ortho Novum 10/11, Neocon 10/11 |
| triphasic prep; 3 sequences progestin, 1 part estrogen; dose varies | Seasonale/Triphasil, Ortho Novum 7/7/7, Tri-Cyclen |
| progestin-only prep; PO | Micronor/Ovrette |
| progestin-only prep; IM | Depo-Provera |
| progestin-only prep; IUD | Mirena |
| postcoital contraception; PO must be administered within 72h | Ovral |
| postcoital contraception; estrogen/progestin; emergency contraceptive kit | Preven |
| postcoital contraception; mifepristone RU486; PO 600 mg once then 2 days later misoprostol 400mg; must follow protocol carefully | Mifeprex |
| medication used in management of pre-term labor | terbutaline (Brethine) |
| medication used to induce labor by causing uterus to contract | oxytocin |
| chorionic gonadotropin (Prosafil) is used to induce ovulation in women who have been treated with | menotropins |
| pregnant women should avoid taking estrogen because it can cause serious fetal | toxicity |
| oxytocics³; administration PO or IM dosage varies; used to treat postpartum hemorrhage; trade name for methylergonovine | Methergine |
| oxytocics³; administration IV or nasal spray; used for labor induction & postpartum hemorrhage; trade name for oxytocin | Pitocin |
| prostaglandins; administration vaginal suppository 20mg; used for therapuetic abortion; trade name for dinoprostone | Prostin E₂ |
| prostaglandins; administration vaginal insert; used for cervical ripening; trade name for dinoprostone | Cervidil |
| prostaglandins; administration intravaginal gel; used for cervical ripening; trade name for dinoprostone | Prepidil |
| prostaglandins; administration tablets; used for pregnancy termination; trade name for misoprostol | Cytotec |
| adrenergicsь; administration IV or PO dose varies; used for premature labor; trade name for terbutaline | Brethine |
| treatment for preeclampsia/eclampsia; IM or IV dose varies; watch for respiratory complications | magnesium sulfate |
| gonadotropic associated; administration nasal spray, dose varies; used for endometriosis (treatment not to exceed 6months); trade name for nafarelin acetate | Synarel |
| gonadotropic associated; administration IM, dose varies; used for endometriosis, some cases infertility (treatment not to exceed 6months) & prostate cancer (antineoplastic); trade name for leuprolide acetate | Lupron Depot |
| gonadotropic associated; administration PO, dose varies; used for infertility treatment, ovulation induction; trade name for clomiphene citrate | Clomid, Seraphene |
| gonadotropic associated; administration IM daily for 7-12days; used for infertility treatment, stimulates follicle development; trade name for menotropins | Repronex |
| gonadotropic associated; administration IM single dose, 5-10,000 units; used for infertility treatment, given 1 day after Repronex, to induce ovulation; trade name for chorionic gonadotropin (CG) | Profasi, Pregnyl |
| gonadotropic associated; administration subQ, IM daily for 7-12 days; used for induction of ovulation in women w/polycystic ovaries followed w/injection of CG; trade name for urofollitropin | Bravelle |
Created by:
lfrancois
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