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Nervous System 52-63
| Bones | cranium protects the brain and vertebral column protects spinal cord |
| Membranes called... | meninges |
| Dura mater (tough mother) | outermost layer is the toughest membrane-plastic-like |
| Arachnoid mater | middle layer that is so named because of the way it looks (spider web looking layer when you pull the dura mater) |
| Pia mater | innermost layer that fits very tightly to brain or spinal cord (blood vessels are in this layer) |
| Meningitis | is an inflammation of the meninges usually caused by bacteria, but may be caused by viral or fungal infections |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | fills spaces or cavities around brain/spinal cord. It protects from trauma and removes toxins made by the brain/spinal cord |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke occurs when... | blood circulation to brain is blocked by a blood clot or a rupture of a blood vessel. The result is brain tissue death. |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of body |
| motor aphasia | loss of ability to speak |
| sensory aphasia | loss of ability to understand speech |
| Epilepsy | Characterized by seizures brought on by an abnormal neuron firings in the brain. Kind of like an electrical storm. |
| seizures | - can last seconds, a few minutes, or non-stop without intervention. The symptoms of a seizure can vary |
| tonic-clonic seizure may... | cry out, lose consciousness and fall to the ground, and convulse, often violently |
| a complex partial seizure may... | appear confused or dazed and will not be able to respond to questions or direction |
| absence seizure is... | rapid blinking or a few seconds of staring into space |
| Is there a cure? | Treatments can be medication and/or surgery (as severe as removing an entire hemisphere of the brain |
| What to do: | 1) Clear the area. 2) Time the seizure! 3) STAY WITH THEM! 4)Call 911 if it lasts more than a few minutes…unless you know otherwise |
| Dementias: Alzheimer disease | the brain degenerates. This Affects memory, attention span, intellectual capacity, personality, and motor control |
| Your frontal lobe matures around age _____ until then you will use your amygdala to make decisions! | 24 |
| Amygdala | - Teens process information with the amygdala, the emotional part of the brain, while adults think with the prefrontal cortex, the rational part |
| amygdala is associated with ... | emotions, impulses, aggression, and instinctive behavior, while the prefrontal cortex is the reasoning center of the brain |
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