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AP - Urinary

Anatomy And Physiology Urinary System

TermDefinition
Kidneys Pair of bean-shaped organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back, filter blood, and produce urine.
Ureters Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Urinary Bladder Hollow organ that stores urine from the kidneys before it is excreted through the urethra.
Urethra The tube through which urine leaves the body from the bladder.
Nephron Functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct.
Renal Cortex The outer layer of the kidney where initial filtration occurs.
Renal Medulla The innermost part of the kidney, composed of renal pyramids and tubules, where urine formation is completed.
Renal Pelvis The funnel-shaped structure in each kidney that collects urine and channels it into the ureter.
Glomerulus A tiny ball of capillaries in the nephron where blood filtration begins.
Bowman's Capsule A cup-like sac at the beginning of the nephron that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus A structure in the nephron containing cells that regulate blood pressure by secreting renin in response to blood pressure changes.
Proximal Tubule The portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle.
Loop of Henle The U-shaped part of the nephron tubule in which water and salts are reabsorbed into the blood.
Distal Tubule The segment of the nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; involved in selective reabsorption.
Collecting Duct A channel where urine is collected from the nephrons and moves towards the renal pelvis.
Filtration The first step in urine production, where fluids and solutes are forced through the capillary walls under pressure from blood flow.
Reabsorption The process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream from the filtered fluid.
Secretion The transfer of materials from capillaries into the renal tubular lumen. It is the opposite process of reabsorption.
Micturition The ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body.
Renin An enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, involved in the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) A hormone that helps the kidneys manage the amount of water in the body, affecting the concentration of urine.
Aldosterone A hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and the release of potassium in the kidneys.
Erythropoietin A hormone produced by the kidneys that promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
Hydronephrosis Swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine, often caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) An infection in any part of the urinary system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra.
Nephrolithiasis Kidney stones or renal calculi; hard, crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract.
Polycystic Kidney Disease A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney failure.
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys (glomeruli), often caused by an immune response or infection.
Renal Failure A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids.
Dialysis A procedure to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys stop working properly.
Hematuria The presence of blood in urine, often a sign of urinary tract disease.
Proteinuria The presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine, often a sign of kidney disease.
Created by: wmtc101
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