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AP - Senses
Anatomy And Physiology Senses System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Senses | The physiological capacities of organisms that provide data for perception, such as sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. |
| General Senses | Sensory experiences derived from receptors located throughout the body, including touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception. |
| Special Senses | Sensory experiences derived from receptors confined to specific areas of the body, such as eyes and ears, responsible for vision, hearing, taste, and smell. |
| Sensory Receptors | Specialized cells or structures that respond to changes in the environment by converting energy from these changes into electrical impulses. |
| Mechanoreceptors | Receptors that sense physical deformation caused by stimuli such as pressure, touch, and sound. |
| Thermoreceptors | Receptors that detect changes in temperature. |
| Nociceptors | Pain receptors that signal information about tissue damage. |
| Photoreceptors | Cells in the retina (rods and cones) that detect light. |
| Chemoreceptors | Receptors that respond to chemicals (including odors, tastes, and body fluid contents). |
| Olfactory Receptors | Sensory receptors in the nasal cavity that respond to smell chemicals. |
| Taste Buds | Sensory receptors on the tongue responsible for sensing taste. |
| Vision | The sense of sight, which is dependent on the capability of the eyes to focus an image and convert it to neural signals processed by the brain. |
| Hearing | The sense that involves the detection of sound vibrations and translating them into electrical signals that are interpreted by the brain. |
| Equilibrium | The sense that helps maintain balance by detecting changes in head motion and position. |
| Eye | The organ of vision containing structures such as the lens, retina, and cornea that work together to focus light and process images. |
| Ear | The organ responsible for hearing and balance, containing structures that convert sound waves into nerve impulses. |
| Retina | The light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye, which processes visual information using rods and cones. |
| Cochlea | A spiral-shaped cavity of the inner ear that produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations. |
| Pupil | The opening in the center of the iris of the eye, which regulates the amount of light entering the eye. |
| Lens | A transparent structure in the eye that focuses light onto the retina. |
| Cornea | The clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye and contributes to the eye's focusing power. |
| Iris | The colored part of the eye, which controls the diameter of the pupil and thus the amount of light that enters the eye. |
| Optic Nerve | The nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. |
| Auditory Canal | The part of the ear through which sound waves travel toward the eardrum. |
| Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane) | A membrane at the end of the auditory canal and the beginning of the middle ear; it vibrates in response to sound waves. |
| Semicircular Canals | Structures in the inner ear that are responsible for the sense of rotational balance. |
| Olfactory Bulb | The structure at the front of the brain responsible for receiving and processing smells. |
| Gustatory Cortex | The area of the brain that processes taste information. |
| Pinna (Auricle) | The outer part of the ear that captures sound waves and directs them into the auditory canal. |
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