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AP - Nervous Sys
Anatomy And Physiology Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nervous System | The network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. |
| Neurons | Specialized cells that transmit electrical signals throughout the nervous system. |
| Neuroglia | Supportive cells in the nervous system that do not transmit impulses but are essential for the care of neurons. |
| Nerve Impulse | The signal transmitted along a nerve fiber, either in the form of electrical changes or chemical neurotransmitters. |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. |
| Meninges | The three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. |
| Cerebrum | The largest part of the brain, responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory. |
| Diencephalon | The part of the brain that contains structures such as the thalamus and hypothalamus, which are responsible for sensory and autonomic functions. |
| Brain Stem | The part of the brain connecting the cerebrum with the spinal cord and controls basic functions such as breathing. |
| Cerebellum | The part of the brain at the back of the skull, which coordinates and regulates muscular activity. |
| Gray Matter | The darker part of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites. |
| White Matter | The lighter-colored part of the brain and spinal cord, made primarily of axons with myelin sheaths. |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | The fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord that helps to physically support the brain and act as a shock absorber. |
| Spinal Cord | The thick bundle of nerves that conveys signals between the brain and the body. |
| Sensory Nerves | Nerves responsible for conveying sensory information toward the CNS. |
| Motor Nerves | Nerves responsible for conveying signals from the CNS to muscles and glands. |
| Mixed Nerves | Nerves carrying both sensory and motor fibers. |
| Cranial Nerves | The twelve nerves that emerge directly from the brain and serve primarily the head and neck. |
| Spinal Nerve Plexuses | Networks of intersecting nerves that control motor and sensory signals to specific regions of the body. |
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) | The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary body functions. |
| Sympathetic Division | The part of the ANS that prepares the body for stress or action, often referred to as the "fight or flight" response. |
| Parasympathetic Division | The part of the ANS that calms the body and helps the body to conserve energy. |
| Myelin Sheath | The protective coating around some nerve fibers in the nervous system, which speeds the transmission of impulses. |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another. |
| Reflex | An automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response. |
| Neuronal Pathology | Disorders that affect the neurons, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis. |
Created by:
wmtc101
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