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A&P l final

tests 4-5

QuestionAnswer
(t/f) A motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it controls constitute a motor unit. true
(t/f) In the initiation of muscle fiber contraction, calcium ions bind to tropomyosin, exposing active sites on actin for cross-bridge formation. false
(t/f) Acetylcholine released by the myofibril crosses the synaptic cleft to bind to the motor neuron ending. false
(t/f) ATP is necessary for muscle contraction. true
The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is the... epimysium
Myofibrils are composed primarily of... actin and myosin
Transverse tubules... provide communication channels
The functional unit of muscle contraction is... sarcomere
Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles in... motor neuron endings
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes acetylcholine to... decompose
Creatine phosphate... supplies energy for the synthesis of atp
Binding sites on the surface of actin allow the formation of cross-bridges with molecules of... myosin
At a neuromuscular junction... neurotransmitters
What is the first event in muscle fiber contraction? acetylcholine is released from the end of the motor neuron
The functional connection between a neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber is a... synapse
Muscle fiber contraction - impulse arrives at synapse and travels through transverse tubules - ca is released - ca floods sarcoplasm and binds troponin molecules - cross-bridge - thin fil. are pulled over thick fil. - muscle fiber shortens and contracts
Oxygen debt in muscles may develop because of... the inability of respiratory and circulatory systems to supply enough o to skeletal muscles when used strenuously for 1-2 min
The person supports the body on the floor in a prone position with the arms and feet supporting the body. It is a little similar to the "up" position of a push-up, held for 30 to 60 seconds. Contraction of the abdominal muscles in a plank is most likely isometric
The increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense stimulation is called... recruitment
Smooth muscle has __________ and not troponin. calmodulin
The structures that connect cardiac muscle cells are... intercalated discs
The more movable end of a muscle is its... insertion
Activities such as distance swimming and distance running will most likely stimulate development of... slow fatigue-resistant fibers
The muscle that causes an action is the... agonist
A muscle that assists the agonist is a(n)... synergist
In order to stimulate skeletal muscle fibers, motor neurons release the neurotransmitter __________. acetylcholine
Explain the pathway of a muscle contractions. Include ions, neurotransmitters, proteins, etc.
(t/f) The brain and spinal cord comprise the central nervous system. true
(t/f) Sensory receptors are part of the CNS. false
(t/f) The space between neurons is called the neuronal space. false
(t/f) Because the response of a nerve fiber is all-or-none, a greater intensity of stimulus does not produce a stronger impulse. true
(t/f) The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are... dendrites
Sensory receptors... detect changes in and outside the body
Three general functions of the nervous system are.. - integrative - motor - sensory
Myelin... consists of layers and proteins that wrap around an axon
Which cells produce myelin in the brain and spinal cord? oligodendrocytes
Synaptic knobs are at the ends of.. axons
When an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the contents of the vesicles are released in response to the presence of... ca ions
A physiologist testing signal transduction rates in two different nerves notices that one fiber conducts signals much faster than the other. Which is the most likely difference between the two? the faster nerve fiber is myelinated and slower one is not
The most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is... thick and myelinated
The resting cell membrane is more permeable to which ion? potassium
What is the correct sequence of events along an axon that follows a membrane reaching threshold potential? - sodium channels open and ions diffuse inward - membrane depolarizes - potassium channels open and ions diffuse outward - membrane repolarizes
A nerve cell membrane becomes depolarized as a result of... Na+ ion channels being opened and Na+ ions diffuse into cell
The neurotransmitter that controls skeletal muscle contraction is... acetylcholine
What makes up the CNS? - brain - spinal cord
What makes up the PNS? - cranial nerves - spinal nerves
Explain the pathway of a nerve impulse. Include ions, polarization, depolarization, etc.
(t/f) the dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges true
(t/f) Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in 4 ventricles. true
(t/f) The function of cerebrospinal fluid is to nourish and protect. true
(t/f) The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain. false
(t/f) White matter makes up most of the cerebrum. true
(t/f) Broca's area controls voluntary movement of the eyes and eyelids. false
(t/f) The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis in the body. true
(t/f) The monosynaptic reflex helps to maintain an upright posture. true
(t/f) The peripheral nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. false
(t/f) Cranial nerves are both sensory and motor. true
(t/f) The autonomic nervous system functions without conscious effort. true
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of... brain and spinal cord
The part of the brain that coordinates smooth voluntary muscular movements is the... cerebellum
A fetus possesses a mutation that causes the diencephalon region of the developing brain to cease growing. Which structures in the mature brain will be missing/abnormal if the fetus survives to birth and childhood? - thalamus - pineal gland - hypothalamus
If the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged,... motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost
Which lobe of your brain are you using when you answer this question? frontal
What are functions of the hypothalamus? - regulation of body temp - control of hunger and thirst - regulation of heart rate and blood pressure
The somatic nervous system consists of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the __________, whereas the autonomic nervous system consists of fibers that connect the __________. - skin and skeletal muscles - cns to visceral organs
During a meal, the __________ division activates digestion and slows heart rate. During exercise, the __________ division slows digestion and increases heart rate. - parasympathetic - sympathetic
olfactory l - sensory - smell
optic ll - sensory - vision
oculomotor lll - primarily motor - move eyelids, adjust light entering, focusing lens
trochlear lV - primarily motor - muscles that move eyes
trigeminal V - mixed - ophthalmic division - maxillary division - mandibular division
ophthalmic division - surface of eyes - tear glands - scalp - forehead - upper eyelids
maxillary division - upper mouth - skin of face
mandibular division - scalp - skin of jaw - lower mouth
abducens Vl - primarily motor - muscles that move eyes
facial Vll - mixed - taste receptors
vestibulocochlear Vlll - sensory - vestibular branch - cochlear branch
vestibular branch - sense of equilibrium
cochlear branch - sense of hearing
glossopharyngeal lX - mixed - impulses from pharynx, tonsils, posterior tongue, carotid arteries - swallowing
vagus X - mixed - impulses from pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and viscera of thorax and abdomen - speech and swallowing
accessory Xl - primarily motor - cranial branch - spinal branch
cranial branch - muscles of soft palate, pharynx, and larynx
spinal branch - muscles of neck and back, some proprioceptor input
hypoglossal Xll - primarily motor - muscles that move tongue, some proprioceptor input
Created by: KimBriann
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