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A&P II Ch 25

QuestionAnswer
What are the three main functions of the urinary system? Excretion: Removal of organic wastes from body fluids
What are the three main functions of the urinary system? Elimination: Discharge of waste products
What are the three main functions of the urinary system? Homeostatic Regulation: Of blood plasma volume and solute concentration
2. Where is urine produced? In the kidneys
3. What are the various ways the urinary system contributes to homeostasis? Regulates blood volume and BP/ Regulates plasma ion concentrations/ Conserves valuable nutrients
4. What does it mean that the kidneys are retroperitoneal? Not contained inside the abdominopelvic cavity
5. What is the cavity inside each kidney called? Renal sinus
6. The ducts of renal papillae drain into ________ calyces. Minor
7. Four or five minor calyces make up a _________ calyx. Major Calyx
8. About what percentage of cardiac output do kidneys receive? 20%-25%
9. What is a nephron? What is its function? Microscopic, tubular structures in cortex of each renal lobe where urine production begins
10. What are the two major portions of the nephron? Renal corpuscle and renal tubule
11. Know all structures and functions of the nephron from slides 17-24.
12. What is the goal of urine production? Maintain homeostasis by regulating vol and composition of blood and excretion of waste products
13. What happens if the kidneys fail to concentrate filtrate sufficiently? Body fills with fluid and wastes/ Symptoms include swelling, extreme fatigue, cramping, nausea, vomiting/ Total failure= coma, death
14. What is dialysis? Manual filtration of the blood in the case of severe or total kidney failure
15. About how much urine does a healthy adult produce in a day? 1200mL or 40 oz per day
16. What is diuresis? Increased production of urine/ indicates production of lrg vol of urine
17. What is a diuretic drug? What does it do? Promote water loss in urine/ Reduces blood volume, BP, Extracellular fluid vol
18. What is urinalysis? What kinds of information can it provide? The analysis of a urine sample/ It's an important diagnostic tool
19. What gives urine its yellow color? From Pigment urobilin generated in kidneys. It's a byproduct of RBC recycling
20. What kind of epithelium allows structures of the urinary system to undergo cycles of distention and contraction? Transitional epithelium
21. Where are the ureters located? What is their function? Extends from kidneys to urinary bladder. Begins at renal pelvis/ Allows urine to flow down to urinary bladder
22. Why are ureteral openings slit-like rather than rounded? Shape helps prevent backflow of urine when urinary bladder contracts
23. How is urine moved through the ureters? Peristalitc contractions: begins at renal pilvis, sweeps along ureter, forces urine toward urinary bladder/ Every 30ish seconds
24. What is the main function of the urinary bladder? Temporary reservoir for urine storage
25. What are the differences between the male and female urethras? Has prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra
26. Why do differences exist between the male and female urinary systems? Because of the anatomical differences in the reproductive system
27. What are some differences between the internal urethral sphincter and the external urethral sphincter? internal has smooth muscles and is involuntary/ External has skeletal muscles and is voluntary
28. Why is conscious relaxation necessary for urination? to release urine from the body
29. What stimulates the micturition reflex? Stretching
30. Why do infants lack control over urination? Spinal nerve connections are not established/ No control over external urethral sphincter
31. What is incontinence? Inability to control urination voluntarily/ May be caused by trama to internal or external
25. What are the differences between the male and female urethras? Extends from bladder to vestibule/ External urethral orifice is near anterior wall of vagina
Created by: Clinton Perdue
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