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A&P II Ch 23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the digestive tract? What major structures does it include? | GI Tract, muscular tube/ Passes through pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines |
| 2. Know the six major functions of the digestive system. | Ingestion: Occurs when materials enter GI tract via the mouth |
| 2. Know the six major functions of the digestive system. | Mechanical processing: Crushing and shearing/ Makes mats easier to propel along the GI tract |
| 2. Know the six major functions of the digestive system. | Digestion: Chem breakdown of food into sml organic fragments for absorption by digestive epithelium |
| 2. Know the six major functions of the digestive system. | Secretion: Release of water, acids, enzymes, and salts by epithelium of GI tract and glandular organs |
| 2. Know the six major functions of the digestive system. | Absorption: Mvmt of organic substrates, electrolytes, vitamins, and water/ Across digestive epithelium/ Into interstitial fluid of GI tract |
| 2. Know the six major functions of the digestive system. | Excretion: Removal of wastes from body fluids |
| 3. How does material move through the digestive tract? Describe peristaltic motion. | Circular muscles contract behind bolus while circular muscles ahead of bolus relax. Longitudinal muscles ahead of bolus contract, shortening adjacent segments. Wave of contraction in circular muscles forces bolus forward |
| 4. The lining of the digestive tract safeguards surrounding tissues against… | Corrosive effects of digestive acids and enxyms/ Mech stresses (abrasion)/ Bacteria either ingested with food or that reside in GI tract |
| 5. How are organs within the abdominopelvic cavities suspended in place and kept from entangling? | Mesenteries |
| 6. In general, how are digestive materials moved through the digestive tract? (muscular contractions) | By muscular layers of digestive tract (has visceral smooth muscle tissue)/ Controlled by pacesetter cells that has rhythmic cycles of activity |
| 7. What is the difference between PERISTALIS and segmentation? | Waves of muscular contractions that move a bolus along the length of the GI tract |
| 7. What is the difference between peristalsis and SEGMENTATION? | Cycles of contraction- churn and fragment the bolus.. Mix contents with intestinal secretions/ Does not follow a set pattern |
| 8. What are the four major functions of the oral cavity? | Sensory analysis/ Mechanical processing/ Lubrication/ Limited digestion |
| 9. What are the functions of the tongue? | Mechanical processing/ Manipulation to assist in chewing & preparing mats for swallowing/ Sensory analysis by touch, temp, and taste receptors/ Speech production |
| 10. What are the three pairs of salivary glands? Where is each located? | Parotid(side of cheek)/ Sublingual(Below tongue)/ Submandibular(Below sublingual) |
| 11. Saliva is approximately what percent water? | 99.4% |
| 12. What are the functions of saliva? | Lubricating mouth/ moistening and lubri mats in mouth/ dissolving chem that stimulate taste buds & provide sensory info/ Initiating digestion via small amts of digestive enzymes |
| 13. Define and know where each part of the tooth is found: DENTIN, pulp cavity, root, crown. | A mineralized matrix similar to that of bone/ Does not contain living cells |
| 13. Define and know where each part of the tooth is found: dentin, PULP CAVITY, root, crown. | Received blood vessels and nerves through the root canal |
| 13. Define and know where each part of the tooth is found: dentin, pulp cavity, ROOT, crown. | Each tooth sits in a bony socket/ layer of cementum covers dentin of the root |
| 13. Define and know where each part of the tooth is found: dentin, pulp cavity, root, CROWN. | Exposed portion of tooth/dentin covered by mineralized layer of enamel. |
| 14. Define PRIMARY and secondary teeth. | Also called milk or baby teeth/ 20 temporary teeth/ Are lost and replaced by 12-13 |
| 14. Define primary and SECONDARY teeth. | Also called permanent dentition/ 32 permanent teeth of adults |
| 15. What is the pharynx? Why is it unique? (it is shared between the digestive and respiratory systems) | common passageway for solid food, liquids, and air. Regions include naso, oro ,and laryngopharynx |
| 16. What is the esophagus? What is its function? | Hollow muscular tube that carries solid food and liquids to stomach. |
| 17. What is the hole in the diaphragm that the esophagus passes through? | Esophageal hiatus |
| 18. Swallowing is also called what? | Deglutition |
| 19. Swallowing is initiated _______________ but proceeds _______________. | Voluntarily/ automatically |
| 20. What are the major functions of the stomach? | Storage of ingested food/ mech breakdown of food/ Disruption of chemical bonds in food mats by acid and enzymes |
| 21. Understand the anatomy of the stomach. | Shaped like an expended J/ Size varies by individuals and meals/ Interior lining is ridged with rugae to increase surface area |
| 22. What is gastric juice? | Strong acid that aids in digestion |
| 23. What is the approximate pH in the stomach? Is this more basic or acidic? | pH is 2.0(very acidic) |
| 24. What is chyme? | Liquid that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. Made of gastric juices and partially digested food |
| 25. What is the main function of the small intestine? | Plays a key role in digestion and absorption of nutrients. |
| 26. Where does 90% of nutrient absorption occur? | In the small intestine |
| 27. Describe the segments of the small intestine and their major functions. | Duodenum: Segment of sml intestine/ Mixing bowl that received chyme from stomach and digestive secretions from pancreas and liver. Neutralizes acids |
| 28. What are intestinal villi? | Series of fingerlike projections in lining of sml intestine/ incr surface area to promote absorption |
| 29. What products are secreted by the pancreas? | Insulin and glucagon |
| 30. What does pancreatic juice do? | Contains a variety of pancreatic enzymes that aid digestion |
| 31. Which is the largest visceral organ? | The liver |
| 32. Which visceral organ has had over 500 vital functions recognized? | The liver |
| 33. What is the function of bile? | Bile salts break dietary lipids (pancreatic lipase) apart |
| 34. What does the gallbladder do? | Stores and concentrates bile prior to excretion in to small intestine |
| 35. What are the main functions of the large intestine? | Reabsorbs water from mats/ Compacts contents into feces/ Absorbs of important vitamins produces by bacteria/ Storage of fecal mat prior to defecation |
| 36. What are the major segments of the large intestine and their functions? | Cecum: pouchlike first portion/ Colon: Largest portion/ Rectum: Last 15 cm of digestive tract |
| 37. What is a possible function of the appendix? (storage of good bacteria) | May be a storage unit for good bacteria of the gut |
| 38. What are the regions of the colon? | Ascending/ Descending/ Transverse/ Sigmoid |
| 39. What kind of absorption takes place in the large intestine? | Important vitamins produced by bacteria |
| 40. What triggers the urge to defecate? | Movement of fecal material into rectum |
| 27. Describe the segments of the small intestine and their major functions. | Jejunum: Middle segment of sml intestine/ Location of most chem digestion and nutrient absorption |
| 27. Describe the segments of the small intestine and their major functions. | Ileum: Final segment of sml intestine |
Created by:
Clinton Perdue
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