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C5: Middle Ages
Review for Chapter 5: Europe in the Middle Ages test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vassal | in medieval Europe, a man who is given land in exchange for his loyalty |
| manor | a large estate, often including a village and farmland; ruled by a lord in medieval Europe |
| Middle Ages | the years between ancient and modern times; from about 500 to 1500 |
| self-sufficient | able to supply one's own needs |
| medieval | of the Middle Ages |
| serf | a person who lived on and farmed a lord's land in feudal times; he or she did not own land and depended upon the lord for protection |
| Charlemagne | king of the Franks who conquered much of western Europe; great patron of literature and learning |
| Gaul | a region of France, Belgium, and parts of Germany and northern Italy; occupied by the ancient Gauls |
| feudalism | a system of power in Europe during the Middle Age, in which kings and queens held the most power, followed by nobles, knights, peasants, and finally serfs |
| clergy | persons ordained to perform certain religious duties |
| excommunicate | to expel or prevent someone from taking part in church life |
| guild | an association of all the people in a town or village who practiced a certain trade |
| apprentice | an unpaid worker who is being trained in a craft |
| chivalry | the noble qualities that knights were supposed to have; bravery, loyalty, and doing heroic deeds to win the love of a worthy woman |
| troubadour | a traveling performer who wandered from place to place singing songs and reciting poems about the chivalrous deeds of knights |
| Crusades | several military expeditions between the years of 1095 to 1272 supported by the Catholic church to win back the Holy Land from the Seljuk Turks |
| Pope Urban II | pope who called all good Christians to take up arms against the Seljuk Turks in order to reclaim the Holy Land |
| Peter the Hermit | French religious leader who led one of the first bands of people of the First Crusade |
| Saladin | Muslim leader of the Seljuk Turks who allowed Christians to reenter the Holy Land |
| Holy Land | also known as Palestine, which includes parts of the modern nation of Israel |
| Jerusalem | capital city of the modern nation of Israel; considered a holy city for Christians, Muslims, and Jews |
| nation | a community that shares a government and sometimes a common language and culture; in medieval Europe, kingdoms became nations as the kings gained power and unified their lands |
| the Magna Carta | the "great charter", an agreement between King John of England and his nobles and clergy in which the king's power over his nobles was limited |
| Parliament | a council that advised the English king or queen in government matters; today, a group of elected officials who make up the legislative branch of the British government |
| King John | king of England who was forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 under threat of civil war |
| King Henry IV | king of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire; argued with Pope Gregory VII and was banned from the church |
| Pope Gregory VII | Pope who reigned from 1073-1085, considered one of the greatest papal reformers of the Middle Ages |
| Joan of Arc | peasant girl who led the French army to victory over the English in the Hundred Years' War |
| Runnymede | a meadow along the Thames River in England |
| Orleans | a city in north-central France; the site of the Hundred Years' War and the defeat of the English by the French under the leadership of Joan of Arc |
Created by:
Ms.Pendleton
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