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Cold War
Orgins of the Cold War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Harry S. Truman | The president that said decisions (“The Buck Stops Here” read a sign onhis desk) earned him respect that has grown over the years. |
| satellite nation | Stalin installed Communist governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,Hungary, Romania, and Poland. These countries became known as satellite nations, countries dependent upon and dominated by the Soviets. |
| iron curtain | Stalin installed Communist governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland. These countries became known as satellite nations, countries dependent upon and dominated by the Soviets. |
| Cold War | The conflicting U.S. and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the Cold War. This was a conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union in which neither nation directly confronted the other on the battlefield. |
| containment | By containment, he meanttaking measures to prevent any extension of Communist rule to other countries. In Kennan’s plan, such measures would mostly include diplomatic outreach and financial assistance to countries to help them resist Soviet influence. |
| Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) | The CIA gathered intelligence from the military and the state department. Truman Doctrine |
| Truman Doctrine | the United States would be supporting people around the world who were fighting against outside forces trying to takeover their governments. Congress agreed with Truman. |
| Marshall Plan | 16 countries received some $13 billion in aid. Marshall’s original plan even offered assistance to the Soviet Union and its allies. Stalin, however, refused to accept any assistance from the United States. |
| Berlin airlift | to fly food and supplies into West Berlin. For 327 days, planes took off and landed every few minutes, around the clock. In 277,000 flights, they brought in 2.3 million tons of supplies—everything from food, fuel, and medicine tothat the planes’ crews |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | The 12 members of NATO pledged military support to one another in case any member was attacked. By signing the North Atlantic Treaty, the United States also pledged to help the countries of Western Europe rebuild their defense capabilities. |
| Chiang Kai-shek | The Communists led the struggle in the north. The Nationalists under Chiang fought in the south. The United States supported Chiang. |
| Mao Zedong | gained strength throughout the country. In the areas they controlled, Communists worked to win peasant support. They encouraged peasants to learn to read, and they helped to improve food production. |
| Taiwan | United States poured millions of dollars of aid into the Taiwanese economy. However, Chiang had not attained his goal. After more than 20 years of struggle, the Communists ruled all of mainland China. |
| 38th parallel | latitude), surrendered to the Soviets. Japanese troops south of the parallel surrendered to the Americans. As in Germany, two nations developed, one Communist and one democratic. |
| Korean War | supported by the Soviet Union, the North Koreans intended to take control of all of Korea through one quick strike. The conflict that followed became known as the |
| House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) | HUAC began to investigate Communist influence in the movie industry. The committee believed that Communists were sneaking propaganda into films. Thecommittee pointed to the pro-Soviet films made during World War II |
| Hollywood Ten | this group decided not to cooperate with HUAC because they believed that the hearings were unconstitutional. They argued that the hearings violated their rights of freedom of speech and assembly |
| blacklist | This was a list of people whom they condemned for having a Communist background. Approximately 500 actors, writers, producers, and directors were blacklisted. |
| Alger Hiss | a former Communist spy named Whittaker Chambers accused Alger Hiss of spying for the Soviet Union. To support his charges, Chambers produced microfilm of government documents. He claimed that the documents had been typed on Hiss’s typewriter. |
| Ethel and Julius Rosenberg | They weren minor activists in the American Communist Party, were implicated in the Fuchs case. The Rosenbergs were asked if they were Communists. They denied the charges against them and cited their Fifth Amendment |
| Joseph McCarthy | famous anti-Communist activist was Senator from Wisconsin known for his "witch hunt" |
| McCarthyism | McCarthy’s style of attacking suspected Communists in the early 1950s became known as McCarthyism. (Since that time, McCarthyism has referred to the unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providing evidence.) |
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