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Euro History Final
Flash Cards for European History final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Motte and Bailey Castle | Quick to build,Keep on a hill, very easy to destroy (fire) |
| Stone and Earth Castle | Stronger than Motte and Bailey but costly, time consuming, and corner stone weakness |
| Concentric Castles | Very strong and concentric design makes it hard to penetrate |
| Lords | Top of Fuedal Pyramid |
| Vassals | Below Lords on Fuedal Pyramid |
| Knights | One step below Vassals |
| Serfs and Peasants | Bottom of Fuedal Pyramid/ Laborers |
| Growth of Towns(caused by) | Farming Improvements which lead to a surplus of food which allowed people to move to towns |
| Crusades | A series of military conflicts of a religious character waged by christians from 1095-1291 |
| Goal of the Crusades | to recaptur the holy land from Muslim rule. |
| 1st Crusade | 1096-1099 Success |
| 2nd Crusade | 1144 Utter Failure |
| 3rd Crusade | 1189 Ultimately unsuccessful |
| 4th Crusade | 1202 success |
| 5th Crusade | 1217 failed |
| 6th Crusade | 1228 success |
| 7th and 8th Crusades | Both complete disasters |
| 9th Crusade | Failed |
| Black Plague | early 1330s an outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occured in china and moved through Europe |
| What helped spread the Black Plague? | Large Population, Over Faming causing rats to move to cities, cooler climate, poor hygiene, overcrowded cities, and little medical knowledge |
| Black Plague caused by | Yersina Pestis |
| Affects | 25 million deaths(1/3 of Europe), labor shortages, fall of the fuedal system, church lost power, conflicts between nobles and peasants over labor and taxes, limited food productivity |
| King John | 1st king to give some of his power, ruled England from 1199 to 1216. He quarled with the pope who banned church from england, went to war twice against french, raised taxes |
| Magna Carta | Great Charter, King John voluntarily gave up power. Helped barons not peasants |
| Simony | Buying and Selling of churches |
| Excommunication | kicked out of church |
| Canon Law | Law of Church |
| Tithe | 10% of yearly income to chruch |
| Interdict | Take away power to perform church ceremonies(pope ability) |
| Role of the Church from 500-1000CE | Church leaders corrupt-Italian nobles control pope. Major Problems, Marriage of priests,simony,lay investiture,indulgences |
| Rise of royal government in Europe | France and England began to unify and strenghten as countries while Germany failed to unite |
| Renaissance | Rebirth of Art after middle ages. Classical art, medieval art, realism, classicism, humanism |
| Classicism | Reference to acient Greek and Roman myths, architecture, and style |
| Realism | Make subject appear Realisic using perspective, light/shadow, knowledge of anatomy and nature |
| Humanism | Focus on the individual and individual emotions |
| Protestant Reformation | 1517-1564 ,a movement to reform the Catholic Church |
| Problems with the church | popes did not focus on spiritual duties and many priests an monks were barely literate |
| Indulgences | pardons from the church |
| Johann Tetzel | a friar who sold letters of indulgence and gave the impression that one could buy their way into heaven |
| Martin Luther | Didnt like tetzel, wrote 95 theses, salvation by faith alone, bible is only authority for chrisitan life, the priesthood of all believers |
| Pope Leo X | issued a bull threatening Luters excommunication unless recanted his ideas, Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther |
| The edict of worms | Charles V issued the edict of worms, declaring luther an outlaw and a heretic |
| Lutherans | people who followed luthers ideas |
| Protestants | refers to christians who turned away from the church |
| John Calvin | Predestination, Calvanism, set up theocracy in Geneva, fled to switzerland when fellow Protestants arrested by King Francis |
Created by:
KevinRogers
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