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ch. 15 med term
musculoskeletal system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint |
| acromion | outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder |
| bone | dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton |
| bone depression | opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves |
| bone process | enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments |
| calcium | one of the mineral constituents of bone |
| cancellous bone | spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of the bone |
| cartilage | flexible, connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces (articular cartilage) |
| collagen | dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues |
| compact bone | hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones |
| cranial bones | skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal |
| diaphysis | shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone |
| disk (disc) | flat, round, plate-like structure |
| epiphyseal plate | cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton |
| epiphysis | each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate |
| facial bones | bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic |
| fontanelle | soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant |
| foramen magnum | opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes |
| haversian canals | minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone |
| ligament | fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones |
| malleolus | round process on both sides of the ankle joint |
| manubrium | upper portion of the sternum; joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint |
| mastoid process | rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear |
| medullary cavity | central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone |
| metaphysis | flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (in this term, meta- means between) |
| olecranon | large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow |
| orthopedist | medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions |
| osseous tissue | bone tissue |
| ossification | process of bone formation |
| osteoblast | bone cell that helps form bony tissue |
| osteoclast | bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue |
| periosteum | membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue |
| phosphorus | mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium |
| physiatrist | medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation (physi/o means function) |
| pubic symphysis | area of confluence (coming together of the two pubic bones in the pelvis |
| red bone marrow | found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoeisis |
| ribs | twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall |
| sella turica | depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located |
| sinus | hollow air cavity within a bone |
| styloid process | pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull |
| suture | immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium) |
| temporomandibular joint | connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw |
| tendon | fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones |
| trabeculae | supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone |
| vertebra | individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina enclosing the neural canal and spinal cord |
| xiphoid process | lower, narrow portion of the sternum |
| yellow bone marrow | fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones |
| abduction | movement away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | movement toward the midline of the body |
| dorsiflexion | upward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion |
| extension | straightening of a flexed limb; increasing the angle between the bones of a joint |
| fascia | fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles |
| flexion | bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones |
| insertion of a muscle | connection of the muscle to a bone that moves; usually distal on the skeleton |
| origin of a muscle | connection of the muscle to a stationary bone; usually proximal on the skeleton |
| plantar flexion | downward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion |
| pronation | turning the palm downward |
| rotation | circular movement around a central point |
| striated muscle | muscle connected to bones; voluntary or skeletal muscle |
| supination | turning the palm upward |
| visceral muscle | muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle |
| fasci/o | fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles) |
| fibr/o | fibrous |
| leiomy/o | smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs |
| my/o | muscle |
| myocardium | heart muscle |
| myos/o | muscle |
| plant/o | sole of the foot |
| rhabdomy/o | skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones |
| sarc/o | muscle and flesh |
| -asthenia | lack of strength |
| -trophy | development, nourishment |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| dorsi- | back |
| poly- | many, much |
Created by:
izayli
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