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A&P Lecture 5
Cell Cycle & Mitosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell theory | -Cells do not spontaneously appear -All cells come from cell that already exists -Almost all cells go through the cell cycle |
| Purpose of the cell cycle | -Growth and development - Tissue repair and renewal |
| Phases of the cell cycle | -Interphase -Mitosis -Cytokinesis ( not a phase, a process ) |
| Subdivisions of Interphase (4) | -G0 -G1 -S-Synthesis -G2 |
| Subdivisions of Mitosis (4) | -Prophase -Metaphase -AnaPhase -Telophase |
| CytoKinesis | - not a phase; is a process - cytosol is divided and the rest of organelles equally split between two cells |
| G0 Phase | -Cell is resting -Cell has normal daily functions -Happens outside of the cell cycle |
| G1 Phase | -Cell begins to grow -Cell bgins to duplicate organelles and proteins |
| S-Synthesis | DNA is Synthesized ( uplicated) |
| How is DNA Synthesized ? | -Helicase enzyme unzips DNA Helix strand -DNA Polymerase enzyme attaches to promoter (start) on both template and coding strand -Duplicates nucleotides them to make identical DNA Helix |
| G2 Phase | - All organelles, proteins, and DNA has been duplicated -Cell is ready for Mitosis |
| Structures of DNA (3) | -Chromatin -Nucleosomes -Chromosomes |
| Chromatin | one single strand of DNA |
| Nucleosomes | DNA strand wraps tightly around Histone Proteins |
| Chromosomes | 2 sets of 23 chromosomes=46 chromosomes -Sister chromatids= 2 identical copies of DNA |
| Prophase | -Chromatin coils together to become Chromosomes -Pair of centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell -nuclear envelope disappears -Spindle fibers from centriole attach to centromeres of the chromosomes |
| Metaphase | -Spindle fibers from centrioles pulls chromosomes (sister chromatids) into a line -nuclear envelope is gone |
| Anaphase | -Cytokinesis begins -sister chromatids are pulled towards two opposite poles -Sister chromatids become Daughter chromosomes |
| Telophase | -Nuclear envelope developes -Chromosomes uncoil into chromatin |
| Cytokinesis | -Process of cytosol and organelles equally dividing between both cells -2 identical cells are formed |
| Cleavage furrow | -Tightening around the middle of both cells 8 |
| Mitotic Rate | - Slower speed = Longer life - cell cycle requires ATP -stem cells rapidly divide |
| Differentiation | -the cell turns off any gene that it doesn't need |
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