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Cardio Terms
A&P Cardiovascular system terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ABO blood group | blood-type classification based on the presence or absence of A and B glycoproteins on the erythrocyte membrane surface |
| agranular leukocytes | leukocytes with few granules in their cytoplasm; specifically, monocytes, lymphocytes, and NK cells |
| antibodies | (also, immunoglobulins or gamma globulins) antigen-specific proteins produced by specialized B lymphocytes that protect the body by binding to foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses |
| B lymphocytes | (also, B cells) lymphocytes that defend the body against specific pathogens and thereby provide specific immunity |
| basophils | granulocytes that stain with a basic (alkaline) stain and store histamine and heparin |
| blood | liquid connective tissue composed of formed elements—erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets—and a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma; component of the cardiovascular system |
| buffy coat | thin, pale layer of leukocytes and platelets that separates the erythrocytes from the plasma in a sample of centrifuged blood |
| clotting factors | group of 12 identified substances active in coagulation |
| coagulation | formation of a blood clot; part of the process of hemostasis |
| cross matching | blood test for identification of blood type using antibodies and small samples of blood |
| defensins | antimicrobial proteins released from neutrophils and macrophages that create openings in the plasma membranes to kill cells |
| deoxyhemoglobin | molecule of hemoglobin without an oxygen molecule bound to it |
| diapedesis | (also, emigration) process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall to enter tissues |
| embolus | thrombus that has broken free from the blood vessel wall and entered the circulation |
| emigration | (also, diapedesis) process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall to enter tissues |
| eosinophils | granulocytes that stain with eosin; they release antihistamines and are especially active against parasitic worms |
| erythrocyte | (also, red blood cell) mature myeloid blood cell that is composed mostly of hemoglobin and functions primarily in the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| erythropoietin (EPO) | glycoprotein that triggers the bone marrow to produce RBCs; secreted by the kidney in response to low oxygen levels |
| extrinsic pathway | initial coagulation pathway that begins with tissue damage and results in the activation of the common pathway |
| ferritin | protein-containing storage form of iron found in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen |
| formed elements | cellular components of blood; that is, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets |
| globin | heme-containing globular protein that is a constituent of hemoglobin |
| globulins | heterogeneous group of plasma proteins that includes transport proteins, clotting factors, immune proteins, and others |
| granular leukocytes | leukocytes with abundant granules in their cytoplasm; specifically, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
| hematocrit | (also, packed cell volume) volume percentage of erythrocytes in a sample of centrifuged blood |
| hematopoietic stem cell | type of pluripotent stem cell that gives rise to the formed elements of blood (hemocytoblast) |
| heme | red, iron-containing pigment to which oxygen binds in hemoglobin |
| hemocytoblast | hematopoietic stem cell that gives rise to the formed elements of blood |
| hemoglobin | oxygen-carrying compound in erythrocytes |
| hemolysis | destruction (lysis) of erythrocytes and the release of their hemoglobin into circulation |
| hemopoiesis | production of the formed elements of blood |
| hemorrhage | excessive bleeding |
| hemostasis | physiological process by which bleeding ceases |
| immunoglobulins | (also, antibodies or gamma globulins) antigen-specific proteins produced by specialized B lymphocytes that protect the body by binding to foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses |
| leukocyte | (also, white blood cell) colorless, nucleated blood cell, the chief function of which is to protect the body from disease |
| leukocytosis | excessive leukocyte proliferation |
| lymphocytes | agranular leukocytes of the lymphoid stem cell line, many of which function in specific immunity |
| lymphoid stem cells | type of hematopoietic stem cells that gives rise to lymphocytes, including various T cells, B cells, and NK cells, all of which function in immunity |
| lysozyme | digestive enzyme with bactericidal properties |
| macrophage | phagocytic cell of the myeloid lineage; a matured monocyte |
| megakaryocyte | bone marrow cell that produces platelets |
| memory cell | type of B or T lymphocyte that forms after exposure to a pathogen |
| monocytes | agranular leukocytes of the myeloid stem cell line that circulate in the bloodstream; tissue monocytes are macrophages |
| myeloid stem cells | type of hematopoietic stem cell-gives rise to formed elements, including erythrocytes, megakaryocytes-produce platelets, and a myeloblast lineage that gives rise to monocytes and three forms of granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) |
| natural killer (NK) cells | cytotoxic lymphocytes capable of recognizing cells that do not express “self” proteins on their plasma membrane or that contain foreign or abnormal markers; provide generalized, nonspecific immunity |
| neutrophils | granulocytes that stain with a neutral dye and are the most numerous of the leukocytes; especially active against bacteria |
| oxyhemoglobin | molecule of hemoglobin to which oxygen is bound |
| packed cell volume (PCV) | (also, hematocrit) volume percentage of erythrocytes present in a sample of centrifuged blood |
| plasma | in blood, the liquid extracellular matrix composed mostly of water that circulates the formed elements and dissolved materials throughout the cardiovascular system |
| platelet plug | accumulation and adhesion of platelets at the site of blood vessel injury |
| platelets | (also, thrombocytes) one of the formed elements of blood that consists of cell fragments broken off from megakaryocytes |
| positive chemotaxis | process in which a cell is attracted to move in the direction of chemical stimuli |
| red blood cells (RBCs) | (also, erythrocytes) one of the formed elements of blood that transports oxygen |
| reticulocyte | immature erythrocyte that may still contain fragments of organelles |
| Rh blood group | blood-type classification based on the presence or absence of the antigen Rh on the erythrocyte membrane surface |
| serum | blood plasma that does not contain clotting factors |
| T lymphocytes | (also, T cells) lymphocytes that provide cellular-level immunity by physically attacking foreign or diseased cells |
| thrombin | enzyme essential for the final steps in formation of a fibrin clot |
| thrombocytes | platelets, one of the formed elements of blood that consists of cell fragments broken off from megakaryocytes |
| tissue factor | protein thromboplastin, which initiates the extrinsic pathway when released in response to tissue damage |
| totipotent stem cell | embryonic stem cell that is capable of differentiating into any and all cells of the body; enabling the full development of an organism |
| universal donor | individual with type O− blood |
| universal recipient | individual with type AB+ blood |
| vascular spasm | initial step in hemostasis, in which the smooth muscle in the walls of the ruptured or damaged blood vessel contracts |
| white blood cells (WBCs) | (also, leukocytes) one of the formed elements of blood that provides defense against disease agents and foreign materials |
Created by:
Btownsley85
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