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Integumentary System

Pt.1 layers and glands

TermDefinition
What is the Integumentary system? Largest organ system; made up of blood vessels, connective tissue structures, glands, hair, nails, nerves, and skin
What are the layers of the epidermis? Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, and Stratum Basale
What are the cells of the epidermis? Melanocytes, and Keratocytes
What are melanocytes? Cells that secrete black/brown colored chemical (melanin) which gives the skin color
What are keratocytes? Cells that contain Keratin. They give the skin strength, and contains glycolipid which is a waterproofer, preventing water from flowing in and out of the skin.
What are most cells in the epidermis? Keratocytes
How is new skin production stimulated? Vitamin A, continuous pressure or rubbing (callus), and injury
How many days does it take for the cells in the epidermis to reach the outermost layer? 60-75 days
What does the epidermis do? Continuously regenerates itself from the inside out
Where do dentritic cells come from? The bone marrow
What do dentritic cells do? Ingest foreign substances and are activators fro the immune system
What are merkel cells? Usually paired with a sensory nerve ending for touch
Stratum Corneum 1st layer of the epidermis, 20-30 cell layers thick
Stratum Lucidum 2nd layer of the epidermis, only found in think skin (palms and soles)
Stratum Granulosum 3rd layer of the epidermis, 1-5 cell layers thick, keratinization begins, cells flatten, cells start to die because too far away from vascular tissue to get nutrients via diffusion
Stratum Spinosum 4th layer of the epidermis, several cell layers thick, keratinocytes start to shrink, and contain dendritic cells
Stratum Basale Deepest layer of the epidermis, is a single row of stem cells, produces new keratinocytes, and also contains melanocytes
What is the dermis? Thick layer of connective tissue; Collagen and Elastin
What are examples pf trauma to the dermal layer Stretch marks, and blisters
What is a blister? A fluid filled pocket that separates the dermis and epidermis
What are stretch marks? Caused by extreme stretching of skin, creates tears in dermis
What is the Hypodermis? Absent or very thin in certain areas
What are skin appendages? Structures that assist the skin with its function, includes glands, nerves, hair and nails
Where is the only place sweat glands are not found? External Genitalia
Around how many sweat glands does each person have? Up to 3 million per person
What are the two types of sweat glands? Eccrine and Apocrine
Eccrine glands More numerous of two, abundant on palms, soles of feet, and forehead
Where is the secretory part of the eccrine gland located? Dermis and extends to the pore on the surface
Eccrine gland secretion Functions in thermoregulation, contains metabolic waste, and a microbe killing peptide
How many apocrine sweat glands do we have? 2,000
Where are apocrine glands located? Deeper in the dermis (ducts empty into hair follicles)
Which is larger, apocrine glands or eccrine glands? Apocrine glands
Apocrine gland secretion Begins to function at puberty, contains fatty substances and proteins
What causes secretion to have odor? Bacteria decomposing secretion
What are the two types of apocrine glands? Ceruminous and mammary glands
Ceruminous gland Found in lining of ear, produces ear wax
Marmmary gland Secrete milk, part of integumentary system but gets linked to reproductive system.
Sebaceous glands Oil glands, secretes sebum, develop as outgrowths of hair follicles, become active during puberty
Where are sebaceous glands located? All over body except palms and soles
What are the functions of sebaceous glands? Softens hair/skin, slows water loss from skin, and kills bacteria
What is the malfunction of sebaceous glands? Acne
Created by: user-1766746
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