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Muscle Notes Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
| the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| the ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| ability to recoil to their original resting length after stretching | Elasticity |
| connective tissue sheath around skeletal muscle | Epimysium |
| connective tissue located outside the epimysium | Fascia |
| loose connective tissue | perimysium |
| connective tissue sheath that surrounds fiber | endomysium |
| cytoplasm that fills fibers | myofibrils |
| thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
| whats the charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| the brief reversal back of the charge is called | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| when each branch that connects to the muscle forms a | neuromuscular junction |
| when each branch that connects to the muscle forms a neuromuscular junction or | synapse |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called a | motor unit |
| the enlarged nerve terminal is the | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the | synaptic cleft |
| and the muscle fiber is the | postsynaptic terminal |
| each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| synaptic vesicles that secrete neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
| neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzyme, called | acetylcholinesterase |
| the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called | sliding filament mechanism |
| is a contraction of an entire muscle | muscle twitch |
| when stimulus reaches a level | threshold |
| this phenomenon is called the | all-or-none response |
| the beginning of a contraction is called | lag phase |
| the time of contraction is | contraction phase |
| the time during which the muscle relaxes is the | relaxation phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| the increase in number of motor units being activated is called | recruitment |
| high energy molecule | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions | oxygen debt |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction | muscle fatigue |
| equal distance) the length of the muscle does not change | isometric |
| equal tension) the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant | isotonic |
| constant tension produced by muscles of the body | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue | slow twitch fibers |
| (head) is the most stationary end of the muscle | orgin |
| is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| the portion of the muscle between the orgin and the insertion is the | Belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another are | antagonists |
| muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement it is the | prime mover |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids and causes crows feet wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corner of the eye | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | Buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| chewing | mastication |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover | sternocleidmastoid |
| sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck | platysma |
| group of muscles on each side of the back | erector spinae |
| muscle that moves the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
| the muscle of the anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate the vertebral column | abdominal wall muscles |
| consist of white connective tissue rather than muscle | linea alba |
| on each side of the linea alba is the | rectus abdominis |
| cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations | tendinous inscriptions |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates | latissimus dorsi |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle | deltoid |
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