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Human Anatomy 1st
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What is contractility? | The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. |
| 2. What is excitability? | The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| 3. What is extensibility? | The ability to be stretched. |
| 4. What is elasticity? | Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| 5. Epimysium | Each skeletal muscle surrounded by a connective tissue sheath. |
| 6. Fascia | Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium. |
| 7. Perimysium | Where the muscle is surrounded by loose connective tissue. |
| 8. Fibers | Single muscle cells |
| 9. Endomysium | Where each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath |
| 10. Myofibrils | A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. |
| 11. What are actin myofilaments? | They are thin myofilaments and they resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together. |
| 12. What are myosin myofilaments? | They are thick myofilaments and they resemble bundles of minute golf clubs. |
| 13. Sarcomere | Where the actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units. |
| 14. Motor neurons | are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. |
| 15. Synapse | each branch that connects to the muscle which is near the center of the cell. |
| 16. Motor unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates. |
| 17. Presynaptic terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
| 18. Synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell. |
| 19. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| 20. Lag phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of a contraction |
| 21. Contraction phase | time of an contraction |
| 22. Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| 23. Recruitment | increase in # of motor units being activated |
| 24. Muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus thar causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| 25. Anaerobic respiration is | without oxygen |
| 26. Aerobic respiration is | with oxygen (more efficient) |
| 27. Muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction |
| 28. What are the 2 types of muscle contractions | isometric & isotonic |
| 29. Isometric contraction | the length of the muscle does not change, the amount of tension increases during the contraction phase |
| 30. Isotonic contraction | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction; length of muscle changes |
| 31. Muscle tone | refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. Keeps head up & back straight |
| 32. Fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly. |
| 33. Slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly & more resistant to fatigue. |
| 34. The origin | Also known as the "head". The most stationary end of the muscle |
| 35. Insertion | The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| 36. Belly | The portion of the muscle between the origin & insertion |
| 37. Synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| 38. Antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| 39. Prime Mover | If 1 muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement & it is among a group of synergists |
| 40. Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| 41. Orbicularis Oculi | closes the eyelids & causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye |
| 42. Orbicularis Oris | puckers the lips |
| 43. Buccinator | flattens the cheeks. |
| 44. Zygomaticus | smiling muscles |
| 45. Levator Labii Superioris | sneering |
| 46. Depressor Anguli Oris | frowning |
| 47. Mastication | chewing |
| 48. Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| 49. Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | moves the tongue |
| 50. Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle |
| 51. Erector Spinare | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| 52. Thoracic Muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| 53. External Intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| 54. Internal Intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| 55. Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| 56. Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| 57. Serratus Anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| 58. Pectoralis Major | adducts & flexes the arm |
| 59. Latissimus Dorsi | swimmer muscles. Medially rotates, adducts, & powerfully extends the arm |
| 60. Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle & is the major abductor of the upper limb |
| 61. Triceps Brachii | extends the forearm |
| 62. Biceps Brachii | flexes the forearm |
| 63. Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| 64. Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| 65. Retinaculum | covers the flexor and extensor tendons and hold them in place around the wrist so that they do not "bowstring" during muscle contraction |
| 66. Flexor Carpi | flexes the wrist |
| 67. Extensor Carpi | extends the wrist |
| 68. Flexor Digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| 69. Extensor Digitorum | extends the fingers |
| 70. Gluteus Maximus | buttocks |
| 71. Quadriceps Femoris | extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles |
| 72. Sartorius | tailors muscle; flexes the thigh |
| 73. Hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg & extends the thigh |
| 74. Gastrocnemius & Soleus | form the calf muscles; flex the foot & toes |
| 75. Intrinsic Foot Muscles | muscles that flex, extend, abduct, & adduct the toes |
Created by:
KarsynThomas06
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