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muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the four characteristics of the skeletal muscle? | 1. contractility 2. excitability 3. extensibility 4. elasticity |
| What do muscles help produce for maintenance of normal body temperature? | heat |
| the skeletal muscle is surrounded by the? | epimysium |
| what is a fasciculi? | single cell fibers |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with? | myofibrils |
| myofibrils consist of what two types of protein fibers? | actin and myosin |
| sarcomeres | basic structural and functional unit of the muscle |
| myosin | thick myofilaments, resemble golf club |
| actin | thin myofilaments, resemble two strands of pearls twisted together |
| fascicle surrounded by? | perimysium |
| fascia is located where? | outside the epimysium |
| what is a muscle composed of? | bundles (muscle fascicle) |
| what is each fiber surrounded by? | endomysium |
| a sarcomere extends from? | one Z line to another Z line |
| Z line is an attachment site for what? | actin |
| I bands are located where? | each side of Z line, consist of actin |
| A band | extends length of myosin |
| H zone | center of sarcomere, consist of myosin |
| M line | darker band in the center of sarcomere |
| outside cell membrane | positively charged |
| inside cell membrane | negatively charged |
| resting membrane potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
| muscle stimulated | membrane characteristics change briefly |
| the brief reversal of the charge | action potential |
| motor neurons | carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| synapse | where each branch connects to the muscle |
| motor joint | single motor neuron/skeletal muscle fibers innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| space between presynaptic terminal | synaptic cleft |
| presynaptic terminals contain | synaptic vesicles |
| synaptic vesicles secrete | acetylcholine |
| muscle contraction | myosin/myofilaments slide past one another causing sarcomeres to shorten |
| sliding of actin myofilaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| muscle twitch | contraction of entire muscle |
| muscle fiber wont respond to stimulus until | it reaches the threshold |
| lag phase | beginning of muscle contraction |
| contraction phase | time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | time where muscle relaxes |
| tetany | muscle remains contracted |
| increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| energy for muscle contraction | ATP- adenosine triphosphate |
| ATP produced where | mitochondria |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate + phosphate |
| creatine phosphate | high energy molecule |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during muscle contraction fast than it can be produced |
| isometric | length of muscle stays same, but tension increases during contraction |
| isotonic | tension produced is constant, but length of muscle changes |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by body for long period of time |
| fast twitched fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitched fibers | contract slowly and more resistant to fatigue |
| origin | stationary end of muscle |
| insertion | end of muscle undergoing greatest movement |
| belly | portion of muscle between origin/insertion |
| some muscles have? | multiple origins |
| muscle work together, make specific movements | synergists |
| muscles work in opposition to each other | antagonist |
| prime mover | one muscle plays major role in doing a movement |
| muscle have names that describe them according to | size, loaction, orientation, fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function |
| contractility | muscle shorten with force |
| excitability | muscle responds to stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | recoil to original resting length |
| perimysium | sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers |
| endomysium | dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle tissue |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure extends from one end of fiber to other |
| myoglobin | stores oxygen in muscle cells |
| glycogen | stored form of glucose in muscle cells |
| frontalis | muscles that raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead |
| orbicularis oculi | muscles that closes eyelids |
| major/minor zygomaticus | muscles that raise corners of mouth - smile |
| masseter | muscles that elevate mandible and closes jaw - powerful |
| platysma | muscles that opens mouth lowers mandible |
Created by:
anmoore11
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