Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

CH. 6 Muscles

QuestionAnswer
Contractability- The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force.
Excitability- The capacity of the skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus.
Extensibility- The ability to be stretched.
Elasticity- The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched.
Epimysium- A connective tissue sheath that surrounds the skeletal muscle.
Fascia- Connective tissue found outside the epimysium- surrounds and separates muscles.
Muscle Fasciculi (fascicle) Many visible bundles that are composed in a muscle.
Perimysium- Loose connective tissue that surrounds the fascicle.
Fasciculi- They are composed of single cells called fibers.
Endomysium- A connective tissue sheaths the surrounds a fiber.
Myofibrils- A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other.
Actin Myofilaments- thin myofilaments. They resemble 2-minute strands of pearls twisted.
Myosin Myofilaments- Thick myofilaments. They resemble bundles of minute golf clubs.
Sarcomeres- The basic structural and functional unit of the muscle. Actin and Myosin form highly ordered units called sarcomeres.
resting membrane potential- -the charge difference across the membrane. Negative in middle, positive charged outside.
Action potential- The brief reversal back of the charge.
Motor Neurons- Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers.
neuromuscular junction (synapse)- Action from nerve to muscle, a synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle.
Motor Unit- A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates. Multiple motor units form a single muscle.
presymplectic terminal- The enlarged nerve terminal.
Synaptic Cleft- The space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell.
Postsynaptic Terminal- the muscle fiber.
Synaptic Vesicles- - it secrets a neurotransmitter (Acetylcholine). Each presynaptic term. contains these vesicles.
Muscle Contractions- occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten. When the sac. shortens so does the muscle.
Sliding Filament Mechanism- Sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction. The H & I band shorten, but A bands don't change in length.
Muscle Twitch- A contraction of a muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers.
All-or-none response- A muscle fiber don't respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level (threshold). At which point the muscle will contact maximally.
Lag Phase- Time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction.
Contraction Phase- The time of contraction.
Relaxation Phase- The time during which the muscle relaxes.
Tetany- Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing.
Recruitment- The increase in number of motor units being activated..
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)- Needed for energy for muscle contraction. Produced in the Mitochondria. Makes ADP
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)- A biological molecule consisting if one adenine, 1 sugar and 2 phosphates.
Anaerobic respiration- Without Oxygen.
Aerobic respiration- With oxygen (more efficient).
Oxygen Debt- The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert Latic acid to glucose & to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells.
Muscle Fatigue- Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in muscle cells.
Isometric- Equal Distance- the length of the muscle doesn't change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process.
Isotonic- Equal Tension- the amount of tension produce by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes
Muscle Tone- Refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. (Keep hands up and back straight)
Fast-Twitch Fibers- Contract quickly and fatigue quickly. Well, adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism.
Slow-Twitch Fibers- Contract more slowly & are more resistant to fatigue. Better suited for aerobic metabolism.
Ogrin (head)- the most stationary end of the muscle.
Insertion- The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement.
Belly- Portion between the origin & the insertion.
Synergists- Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements.
Antagonist- Muscles that work in opposition to one another.
Prime Mover- Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accompanying the desired movement.
Occipitofrontalis- Raises the eyebrows.
Orbicularis Oculi- Closes the eyelids and causes “crow's feet” wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye.
Orbicularis Oris- Puckers the lips.
Buccinator- Flattens the cheeks. Trumpeter’s muscle. Orbicularis oris and buccinator are the kissing muscles.
Zygomaticus- Smiling Muscle.
Levator labii superioris- Sneering.
Depressor anguli oris- Frowning
Mastication- - chewing 4 pairs of mastication muscles: 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter.
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles- Change the shape of the tongue.
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles- Move the tongue.
Sternocleidomastoid- Lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head.
Platysma- -Sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck. Its action is to pull the corners of the mouth inferiorly, producing a downward sag of the mouth.
Erector spinae - -Group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect. trunk muscle
External intercostals- Elevate the ribs during inspiration.
Internal intercostals- Contract during forced expiration.
Diaphragm- Accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome-shaped muscle. Aids in breathing.
Abdominal Wall muscles- The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate the vertebral column, compress the abdominal cavity, and hold in the abdominal viscera.
Linea alba- A tendinous area of the abdominal wall that consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle.
Trapezius- rotates scapula.
Serratus anterior- -pulls scapula anteriorly.
Arm- Attached to the thorax by the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles.
Pectoralis major– Adducts and flexes the arm.
Latissimus dorsi– Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles”
Deltoid– Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb.
Triceps brachii- Extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm.
Biceps brachii- Flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm.
Brachialis- Flexes forearm.
Brachioradialis- Flexes and supinates the forearm.
Retinaculum (bracelet)- Strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not “bowstring” during muscle contraction.
Flexor carpi – Flexes the wrist.
Extensor carp- Extends the wrist.
Flexor digitorum- Flexes the fingers.
Extensor digitorum Extends the fingers.
Intrinsic hand muscles- 19 Hand Muscles.
Interossi muscle- Located between the metacarpals, are responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers.
Gluteus maximus- Buttocks. Contributes most of the mass of the buttocks.
Gluteus Medius- Hip muscle and common injection site.
Quadriceps femoris- Extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles.
Sartorius- “Tailors muscle”; flexes the thigh.
Hamstring muscles- Posterior thigh muscles, flexes the leg and extends the thigh. ,
Gastrocnemius and soleus- form the calf muscle. They join to form the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)- Flex the foot and toes.
Peroneus muscles- The lateral muscles of the leg, primarily everters (turning the lateral side of the foot outward) of the foot, but they also aid in plantar flexion.
Intrinsic foot muscles- 20 muscles located within the foot that flex extends, abduct, and adduct the toes.
Created by: cnelson423
Popular Anatomy sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards