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muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| What do muscles help produce? | heat essential for maintenance of normal body temperature. |
| Epimysium | skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath. |
| Fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium's. it surrounds and separates muscles. |
| Perimysium | visible bundles called muscle fasciculi (fascicle), which are surrounded by loose connective tissue. |
| fibers | The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells. |
| endomysium | Each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath. |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. |
| myofibrils | The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with... |
| Myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers: | actin myofilaments, myosin myofilaments |
| Where is the H zone located? | Around the perimeter of the M line. |
| Where is the I band located? | Between the Z band and the A band. |
| What has multiple origins or heads? | Some muscles. |
| How many types of muscle contractions are there? | 2 |
| What does ATP stand for? | Adenosine Triphosphate. |
| When the sarcomeres shorten what else do they cause to shorten? | Muscle |
| What is the muscle cell membrane called? | Sarcolemma. |
| Many motor units form what? | A single muscle. |
| Sarcomeres are joined end to end to form what? | The myofibril. |
| What is the cytoplasm of each fiber filled with? | Myofibrils. |
| What does the fascia do? | It surrounds and separates muscles. |
| motor unit | A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates. |
| presynaptic terminal | The enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | synaptic cleft muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | presynaptic terminal contains |
| acetylcholine | synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase | The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzymes |
| sliding filament mechanism | The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| 3. Muscle twitch | is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. |
| threshold | A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level |
| all-or-none response | at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| lag phase | The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | The time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | The time during which the muscle relaxes. |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. |
| recruitment | The increase in number of motor units being activated |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen (more efficient). |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. |
| Muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. |
| isometric | equal distance |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process. |
| isotonic | equal tension |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes. |
| Muscle tone | Muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. Keeps head up and back straight. |
| Fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly. Well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism. |
| Slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. They are better suited for aerobic metabolism. |
| prime mover | if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| belly | The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| origin | is the most stationary end of the muscle. |
| origin | always know as the head |
| what does the combination of acetylcholine with its receptor cause | an influx of sodium ions into the muscle fiber |
| In the center of each sarcomere is another light area | H zone |
| The myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band | M line |
| Z line | disc |
| Fascia | surrounds and separates muscles |
| muscles | help to produce heat essential. |
| The outside of most cell membranes is..... | positively charged. |
| the inside of the cell membrane is... | negatively charged. |
| This influx initiates an action potential in the muscle cell | causes it to contract |
| This enzymatic breakdown ensures... | one action potential in the neuron yields only one action potential in the skeletal muscle |
| threshold | A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level. |
| all-or-none response | which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| This increased respiration provides the oxygen to pay back.... | the oxygen debt |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. |
| Axons enter what? | The muscles and branch. |
| Many motor units form what? | A single muscle. |
| During periods of activity | the energy stored in creatine phosphate can be accessed quickly and used to produce ATP |
Created by:
mmmays1
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