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muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 4 characteristics of skeletal muscle | 1, contractility, 2. excitability, 3. extensibility, 4. elasticity, |
| what is action myofilaments | thin myofilament. They resemble 2-minute strands of pearls twisted together. |
| what is myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments. they resemble bundles of minute gold clubs |
| Sarcomeres | which are joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| z-line | each z line is attachment site for action |
| a band | extends the length of the myosin |
| resting membrane potential | the positive and negative charge is the difference |
| action potential | when a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics change brief . The brief reversal back charge |
| motor neurons | are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| neuromuscular junction | axons enter the muscles and branch. Each branch that connects to the muscle |
| synapse | near the center of the cell |
| how many facial muscles are there | 11 |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrow |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles int the skin at the lateral corners of the eye |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips also the kissing muscles |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks. Trumpeter's muscles |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head |
| platysma | sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck. The action pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly, producing a downward sag of the mouth |
| trunk muscles Erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect |
| thoracic muscles | 3 |
| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostals | contract during force expiration |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome-shaped muscles. Aids in breathing |
| linea alba | this tendinous area of the abdominal wall called the _______, consists of white connective tissue rather than muscles |
| what is on each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominis |
| what crosses the rectus abdominis at three or more locations | tendinous inscriptions |
| how many upper limb | 3 |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| arm movements | 3 |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flex's the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. " swimmer muscle" |
| deltoid | Attaches the humerus to the scaoula and clavicle, and the major abductor of the upper limb |
| how many forearm movements | 4 |
| triceps brachii | extends the forearm. occupies the posterior compartment of the arm |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm. occupies the anterior compartment of the arm |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| retinaculum (bracelet) | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and hold them in place around the wrist so they do not bowstring during muscle contraction |
| flexor carpi | flexs the |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| 19 hand muscles are called | intrinsic hand muscles |
| gluteus maximus | butocks |
| gluteus medius | hip muscle and common injection site |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles |
| sartorius | tailors muscles ' flexes the thigh |
| hamstring | muscles- posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscles. They join to form the calcaneal tendon |
| achilles tendon | flexes the foot and toes |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called |
| presynaptic terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal is the |
| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the |
| muscle fiber is the | postsynaptic terminal |
| each presynaptic terminal contains __________ | synaptic vesicles |
| that secrete a neurotransmitter called _____ | acetylcholine |
| when at rest they can't stockpile ATP but they can store another higher energy molecule called | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen (more efficient) | aerobic respiration |
| oxygen debt | is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine |
| muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| isometric | (equal distance) the length of the muscle does not change but the amount of the tension increases |
| isotonic | (equal tension) the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction |
| muscle tone | muscle tone refers to constant tesion produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly. Well adapted to perform anaerobic (white meat of a chicken breast) | fast twitch fibers |
| contracts more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. they are better suited for aerobic metabolism (dark meat) | slow-twitch fibers |
| origin (head) | is the most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement? |
| the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | belly |
Created by:
Ajboyle1
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