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A&P II Ch 19 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pulmonary circuit | Carries blood to and from gas exchange surfaces of lungs |
| systemic circuit | Carries blood to and from the body/ Blood alternates btwn pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit |
| arteries | Carry blood away from heart |
| capillaries | Networks btwn arteries and veins/ called exchange vessels/ Exchange mats (dissolved gases, nutrients, waste products) btwn blood & tissues/ |
| right atrium | Collects blood from systemic circuit |
| right ventricle | Pumps blood to pulmonary circuit |
| left atrium | Collects blood from pulmonary circuit |
| left ventricle | Pumps blood to systemic circuit |
| great veins and arteries | Largest veins and arteries in the body (great vessels) are found at the base |
| apex | Pointed tip |
| pericardial sac | fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart |
| mediastinum | Space in chest that holds heart and other important structures |
| epicardium | Outer layer/ continuous with the pericardium/ Covers heart |
| myocardium | Middle lyr/ Muscular wall of heart/ Concentric lyrs of cardiac muscle tissue |
| endocardium | Inner lyr/ Simple squamous epithelium |
| intercalated discs | Interconnected cardiac muscle cells/ Facilitate communication btwn cardiac muscle cells/ tissue contracts in a coordinated fashion |
| interatrial septum | Separates atria |
| interventricular septum | Separates ventricles |
| superior and inferior vena cava | Pulls blood from body to heart (R Atrium) |
| coronary sinus | Cardiac veins return deoxygenated blood from coronary circulation into coronary sinus, opens into right atrium |
| Papillary muscles | Prevents valve from opening up backward |
| chordae tendineae | Anchors valves |
| right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) | Opening from R atrium to R ventricle/ Has 3 cusps/ prevents backflow |
| pulmonary trunk | Blood flows from R ventricle to pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve |
| left and right pulmonary arteries | Located at the exit of the right ventricle |
| pulmonary valve | Has 3 semilunar cusps/ prevents backflow into right ventricle |
| left and right pulmonary veins | Delivers blood to L atrium |
| semilunar valves | Located between the ventricles and the arteries |
| aortic valve | Located btwn L ventricle and aorta. Prevent backflow to L ventricle |
| ascending aorta | Arch/ Carries blood to body/ Largest blood vessel in body |
| aortic arch | Continuation of the ascending aorta and the origin of the brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries. |
| descending aorta | Consists of 2 portions: Thoracic and abdominal aorta |
| coronary circulation | Supplies blood muscle to tissue of heart, coronary arteries and cardiac veins |
| coronary artery disease | Areas of partial or complete blockage of coronary circulation |
| coronary ischemia | Reduced circulatory supply |
| atherosclerotic plaque | Fatty deposit in the wall of a coronary vessel |
| thrombus | Clot |
| myocardial infarction | Heart attack/ part of the coronary circulation becomes blocked, causing muscle cells to die from lack of O2 |
| conducting system | System of specialized cardiac muscle cells/ initiates and distributes electrical impulses that stimu contraction |
| contractile cells | |
| autorythmicity | Cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own, without neural or hormonal stimulation |
| sinoatrial node | Has the pacemaker potential, establishing heart rate |
| atrioventricular node | controls the transmission of the heart’s electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles |
| conducting cells | generate and propagate electrical impulses/ form the hearts conduction system and orchestrate cardiac contraction |
| pacemaker potential | Resting potential of conducting cells gradually depolarizes toward threshold |
| bradycardia | Abnormally slow heart rate |
| tachycardia | Abnormally fast heart rate |
| ectopic pacemaker | Abnormally excitable group of cells that generate high rate of action potentials/ bypasses conducting system/ disrupts ventricular contactions |
| systole | Contraction of a chamber |
| heart sounds | sounds reflect the turbulence created when the heart valves snap shut |
| S1 | Loud sounds/ produces by AV valves closing |
| heart murmur | Sounds produced by regurgitation through valves |
| cardiodynamics | Movement and force generated by cardiac contractions |
| end-diastolic volume | Maximum volume held by the ventricles at the end of ventricular diastole |
| end-systolic volume | Minimum volume held by the ventricles at the end of ventricular systole |
| stroke volume | The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle during systole SV=EDV-ESV |
| cardiac output | The volume pumped by left ventricle in 1 minute/ CO=HRxSV |
| veins | Carry blood to heart |
| auricle | Expandable extension of the atrium |
| angina pectoris | Pain in the chest from CAD/ Exertion or emotional stress can produce a sensation of pressure, chest constriction. pain may radiate from the sternal to arms, back, and neck |
| diastole | Relaxation of a chamber |
| S2 | Loud sounds/ produced by semilunar valves closing |
| S3, S4 | Soft sounds/ Blood flow into ventricles and atrial contraction |
Created by:
Clinton Perdue
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