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Bone Terminology
By: Amanda Lee
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Periosteum | Dense connective tissue covering the surface of bones |
| Endosteum | Tissue lining the medullary cavity and marrow spaces in a bone |
| Compact Bone | Dense bone tissue; makes up the outer layer of all bones |
| Trabecular Bone | Less dense compact bone that has spaces like a sponge to lighten the weight; bone marrow is found here. Inner layer of bones. |
| Osteogenic Stem Cell | Stem cell; produces osteoblasts and chondroblasts |
| Osteoblasts | Bone makers; synthesizes new bone matrix; makes collagen |
| Osteocytes | Mature osteoblasts surrounded by matrix (stress detectors); regulates activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| Osteoclasts | Bone breakers; made from hematopoietic stem cells; more similar to WBC than bone cells |
| Chondroblasts | Cells that build cartilage |
| Chondrocyte | Mature chondroblasts |
| Intramembranous Ossification | Embryonic stem cells create sheets of collagen CT; osteoblasts ossify into new bone |
| Endrochondral Ossification | Hyaline cartilage made by chondroblasts, ossification of the cartilage by osteoblasts creates new bone |
| Hydroxyapatite | Calcium and phosphate; adds rigidity/streangth |
| Achondroplasia | Impaired long bone growth and development caused by a mutation in a gene for Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-3 that creates an inability |
| Does PTH increase or decrease in response to low blood calcium? | Increases |
| Does calcitriol increase or decrease in response to low blood calcium? | Increases |
| What effect does PTH and calcitriol have when it targets the bone in response to low blood calcium? | Stimulates osteoclast activity leading to bone resorption |
| What effect does PTH and calcitriol have when it targets the kidney in response to low blood calcium? | Increases calcium reabsorption (moves from the kidney tubules back out into the blood) and decreases excretion (don't want it in the urine) |
| What effect does PTH and calcitriol have when it targets the small intestine in response to low blood calcium? | Increases calcium absorption (moves from the kidney tubules back out into the blood) and decreases excretion (don't want it in the feces) |
| Does PTH increase or decrease in response to high blood calcium? | Decreases |
| Does calcitriol increase and decrease in response to high blood calcium? | Decreases |
| What effect does PTH and calcitriol have when it targets the kidney in response to high blood calcium? | Calcium reabsorption will decrease and excretion will increase (will move excess calcium to the urine) |
| What effect does PTH and calcitriol have when it targets the intestines in response to high blood calcium? | Calcium absorption will decrease and excretion will increase (will eliminate in the feces) |
Created by:
Amandaklee
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