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Bio 104 Chapt 7
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ducts formed from division of the respiratory bronchioles in the lower airway; each duct ends in clusters known as alveoli. | alveolar ducts |
| small pits or cavities, such as the sockets for the teeth or air sacs in the lungs. | alveoli |
| the very thin membrane, consisting of only one cell layer, that lies between the alveolus and capillary, through which respiratory exchange between the alveolus and the blood vessels occurs. | alveolocapillary membrane |
| a disease of the lungs caused by inhalation of asbestos particles. | asbestosis |
| a reversible restrictive lower airway disease. | asthma |
| a disease of the lung caused by consistent inhalation of coal dust. | black lung disease |
| arteries that branch off of the thoracic aorta and supply the lung tissues with blood. | bronchial arteries |
| veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs. | bronchial veins |
| fine subdivisions of the bronchi that give rise to the alveolar ducts. | bronchioles |
| medication that is designed to improve lung function. | bronchodilator |
| constriction of the airway passages of the lungs that accompanies muscle spasms. | bronchospasm |
| the projection of the lowest portion of tracheal cartilage, at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra. | carina |
| chronic inflammatory condition affecting the bronchi that is associated with excess mucus production that results from overgrowth of the mucous glands in the airways. | chronic bronchitis |
| a progressive and irreversible disease of the airway marked by decreased inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| three bony ridges contained within the lateral walls of the nasopharynx. | conchae |
| movement of particles or solutes from an area of high concentration to low concentration | diffusion |
| destruction of the walls of the alveoli, which creates resistance to expiratory airflow. | emphysema |
| a thin plate of cartilage that closes over the glottic opening during swallowing. | epiglottis |
| the tubular organ posterior to the trachea, connecting the pharynx to the stomach. | esophagus |
| the external openings to the nasal cavity; also called the nostrils. | external nares |
| the volume of air exhaled from the lung following a forceful exhalation. | forced expiratory vital capacity (FEVI) |
| the opening into the lower airway made up of the true vocal cords and the opening between them. | glottis |
| the floor of the nasal cavity. | hard palate |
| the point of entry for the bronchi, vessels, and nerves into each lung. | hilum |
| the posterior opening from the nasopharynx into the pharynx. | interior nares |
| the opening of the lower airway, which consists of several cartilaginous structures held together by ligaments. | larynx |
| a small portion of the left lung that is the equivalent of the middle lobe in the right lung. | lingula |
| the two primary organs of breathing. | lungs |
| the part of the lower airway below the larynx through which air enters the lungs. | mainstem bronchi |
| a passage located below each turbinate. | meatus |
| the separation between the right and left nostrils. | nasal septum |
| the ducts that drain tears from the | nasolacrimal ducts |
| the nasal cavity, which extends from the internal nares to the uvula. | nasopharynx |
| the oral cavity, which extends from the uvula to the epiglottis. | oropharynx |
| the pleural membrane that lines the pleural cavity. | parietal pleura |
| a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. | partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) |
| a measurement of the amount of oxygen in the blood. | partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) |
| the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution. | pH |
| the cavity formed by the posterior connection of the oropharynx and nasopharynx. | pharynx |
| serous membranes surrounding the lungs. | pleura |
| the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura. | pleural cavity |
| a potential space between the visceral and | pleural space |
| decrease in the blood pH secondary to insufficient exhalation of CO2. | primary respiratory acidosis |
| primary respiratory alkalosis -- increase in the blood pH secondary to excessive exhalation | primary respiratory alkalosis |
| tests that assess volumes of air that move into and out of the lungs. | pulmonary function tests |
| the volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after a forceful expiration. | residual volume |
| structures formed by the final branching of the bronchioles. | respiratory bronchioles |
| the part of the brain located in the medulla oblongata that controls the respiratory stimulus. | respiratory center |
| the organs and structures associated with breathing, gas exchange, and the entrance of air into the body. | respiratory system |
| diseases such as black lung disease and asbestosis that result in stiffening of the lungs and significantly decreased vital capacity. | restrictive lung disease |
| airway passages in the lungs that are formed from the division of the right and left mainstem bronchi. | secondary bronchi |
| a device used in pulmonary function testing that measures air entering and leaving the lungs over a specific period of time. | spirometer |
| airway passages in the lungs that are formed from branching of the secondary bronchi. | tertiary bronchi |
| the volume of air inspired during normal inspiration. | tidal volume |
| the structure made up of cartilage and other connective tissue that lies immediately inferior to the larynx and conveys air to the mainstem bronchi. | trachea |
| the inferior portion of the vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound. | true vocal cords |
| a set of bony convolutions formed by the conchae in the nasopharynx that help to maintain smooth airflow. | turbinates |
| a small fleshy mass that hangs from the soft palate. | uvula |
| the process of moving air into and out of the lungs. | ventilation |
| the superior portion of the vocal cords; also called the false vocal cords. | vestibular folds |
| the pleural membrane that covers the lungs. | visceral pleura |
| the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with maximum inspiration and exhalation. | vital capacity |
Created by:
fire107
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