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BIO 240 Exam 2

QuestionAnswer
Arrange the following structures of urinary system in correct sequence: 1.Uretery (ureter) 2. Renal Pelvis 3. Calyx 4. Urinary Bladder 5. Uethra
Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water? Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments? Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
Which of the following individuals would have the largest percentage of their bodyweight as water? New Born babies have as much as 75 % of bodyweight of Water
The predominant extracellular cation is Sodium, Chloride, and Bicarbonate ions
Obese people are as little as 45% water by weight. True or False Trues
Women average slightly less body water because they have less adipose tissue than men. True or False True
The predominant intracellular cation is Potassium, Phosphate, Magnesium and Sulfate ions
One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more ___________ than interstitial fluid protein
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and play an important role in regulating water output
Both potassium and sodium levels in the body are regulated by a hormone called Aldosterone
Ms. Wilson working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water loss from the Respiration through the skin
Which of the following substances releases H+ into a solution Acids
Which of the following substances binds to H+ and remove them from solution Bases
Chemicals that function to resist changes in the pH of body fluids are called Buffers
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by Active Transport
The trigone is a triangular region of Internal Urinary bladder
Trace the part of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus: Renal artery, segmental arteries, Interlobar arteries, Arcuate arteries, Cortical radiate arteries, Afferent arterioles
Urine formation involves Filtration, Reabsorption, and Secretion
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular sac works as a temporary reservoir for urine storage, can contain up to 1 L of urine when full
An obstruction in Birin’s afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into her Glomerulus
The predominant intracellular cation is Potassium (K+)
The predominant extracellular cation is Sodium (Na+)
One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more ___________ than interstitial fluid protein
Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of Osmosis (Hydrostatic pressure and Osmotic pressure)
The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is Sodium (Na+)
The major route of excretion for sodium ions(under normal condition) is the Kidney
Water output is regulated by ______________ hormone Antidiuretic Hormone ADH
Which of the following cations are regulated by the hormone Aldosterone? Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+)
The osmoreceptor-Antidiuretic hormone mechanism can reduce a normal urine production of 1,500 ml per day to about ___ ml per when the body is dehydrated 500 ML
Which is not a source of electrolyte? Water (H2O)
The greatest amount of water is lost through the _________ Urine
Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the Urine 60%, Evaporation from respiratory passages 34 %, and 6% through feces
Ms. Ramroop working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from her Respiration through the skin
Which of the following substances releases H+ into a solution Acids
Which of the following substances binds to H+ and remove them from solution Bases
The normal pH for blood plasma is 7.35 - 7.45
Which is not an excretory organ system of the body? Stomach, Pancreas
Which is not a part of the nephron Collecting Duct
The kidney functions are Filtering of Blood, Regulate blood volume, regulate the concentration of solutes in the blood, regulate the pH of extracellular fluid, regulate red blood cell synthesis, and regulate vitamin D synthesis
Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney? EX: urine storage, filtrate blood, secrete antibodies, etc
Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the ureters
Each kidney weighs about 130 g
Blood vessels, nerves and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the Hilum
The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the Renal Medulla
The function units of the kidney are called Nephrons
The network of capillaries that is located in bowman’s capsule is called the Glomerulus
The renal corpuscle consists of Glomerulus and Glomerular/Bowman's Capsule
Each kidney contains about 1 to 1.3 million nephrons. True or Flase TRUE
The visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule is the inner layer composed of highly modified epithelial cells
The part of the nephron where the blood plasma is filtered is called Renal Corpuscle
The inner layer of Bowman’s capsule consists of modified cells called Podocytes
Which of this is not a part of the renal tubule? Glomerulus
The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of a specialized cells called juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole and the mascula densa cells
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the The Distal Convoluted Tubule
The renal corpuscle connects to the Proximal convoluted tubule
The juxtamedullary nephrons are solely responsible in regulating regulating water balance
Major stages the kidney uses to convert blood plasma to urine is/are Filtration, Reabsorption, and Secretion
Tubular secretion occurs in the Distal Convoluted Tubule DCT
Tubular reabsorption occurs in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule PCT
Urine is always hypertonic to the blood plasma. Flase
A great deal of secretion occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule due to many microvilli. False
The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the Renal Fat Pad
The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the Renal Pelvis
The portion of the kidney that is composed of conical masses of tissue (cone-shaped) renal pyramids is called renal _______ Rebal Medulla
The apex (tip) of each renal pyramid is called Renal Papillae
Essential nutrients Protein, Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals and Water
Which of the following are energy nutrients? Carbohydrates
A kilocalorie (kcal) is a measure of the Energy
Complex carbohydrates include di-saccharides, multi-saccharides such as starches and fibers
Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood stream as Glucose, blood sugar
Excess glucose is stores as glycogen
Which of the following organs can store glycogen? Liver
A compound composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule would be a triglicerides
Olive and peanut oils are both Fat / unsaturated Fat
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid? Alpha-linolenic Acid / Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Linoleic Acid / Omega-6 fatty Acid
An essential amino acid Lysine
Proteins that function in immunity include antibodies, cytokines, and complement protein
Functions of proteins include Cell shape, product manufacture and waste cleanup,
Water-soluble vitamins include Vitamin C
Fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in large doses because they Store in the muscle tissues
Minerals
Which of the following minerals is part of the hemoglobin molecule? Iron
If energy intake is greater than energy output, an individual will tend to Fat build up and excess weight gain
The factors that influence energy needs include Weight, daily activities, age, gender,
The lipoprotein called “good cholesterol” ________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver High density lipoproteins
Created by: Cikuru
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