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A&P-Saladin-10th Ch2
A&P Saladine 10th Edition Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three isotopes of hydrogen | Hydrogen Deuterium Tritium |
| Breaks apart in water more easily than cavalent bonds | IONIC BONDS |
| A mixture of 2 or more substances that are physically blended but NOT chemically combined | Solution |
| What makes water a very effective coolant | high heat |
| Reaction when covalent bonds are broken and a new covalent bonds are formed | Exchange reaction |
| Chemical reaction in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones is called | Catabolic Reactions |
| What is the opposite of dehydration synthesis reaction | Hydrolysis reaction |
| What has both carboxyl group and an amino group attached to a central carbon | All amino acids |
| Most abundant element in the human body | oxygen |
| Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has now many neutrons and protons | 12 Neutrons and 11 protons |
| Chemical properties of an atom are determined by | electrons |
| Na (atomic no.11) reacts with CL (atomic no.17) to become stable. In the reaction, Na will ***** and Cl will ***** | give up one electron accept one electron |
| Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 1. How many valence electrons does it have | ****** 6 ***** |
| Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygens come together, they form what bond | nonpolar covalent |
| When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water | iconic bond Na+ two Cl are broken |
| the bonding properties of an atom are determined by | electrons |
| what type of bond attracts one water molecule to another | Hydrogen bond |
| Examples of Cations | sodium (Na+) ions potassium (K+) ions calcium (Ca2+) ions |
| What accounts for 98.5% of the body's weight | Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus |
| Differs from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass | ISOTOPES |
| When jumping into water you notice resistance. This resistance is caused by the waters ******** | Cohesiveness |
| Example of a hydrophobic substance | FAT |
| Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. the NaCl is in a ******* the protein is in a ******* the cells are in a ******* | Solution Colloid Suspension |
| The most appropriate way to express the number of molecules per volume | MOLARITY |
| A solution with pH4 has ******* the H+ concentration of a solution with pH8 | 10,000 TIMES |
| In a workout your muscle cells produce lactate, yet you maintain a constant blood pH because | the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH |
| The solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added to it is a | Buffer |
| A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called what kind of a reaction | Oxidation |
| the breakdown of glycogen is an example of what type of reaction | Exergonic |
| The most relevant free energy in human physiology is the stored where........ | the chemical bonds of organic molecules |
| Potential energy stored in bonds is released as what type of energy | chemical |
| The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as.............. | CATABLIC and EXERGONIC |
| What will not INCREASE the rate of a reaction | decrease in reactant concentrations |
| What term encompasses the terms: CATABOLISM, ANABOLISM, OCIDATION REACTIONS, and REDUCTION REACTIONS | METABOLISM |
| breakdown of starch by digestive enzymes into glucose molecules is what type of reaction | DECOMPOSITION |
| Which function group contains NITROGEN | AMINO GROUP |
| Na2HPO3(H2O)5 is not what type of compound | ORGANIC |
| Which reaction breaks a polymer down into its monomers | HYDROLYSIS |
| Table sugar is a disaccharide called | sucrose |
| sucrose is made up of what monomers | glucose and fructose |
| Example of a disaccharide | Lactose |
| Name a monosaccharide | Glucose |
| Name a Polysaccharide | Starch |
| In general, wagt gas a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to Oxygen | carbohydrates |
| Proteoglycans are composed of | carbohydrates and proteins |
| Triglycerides consist of a 3-carbon compound called | glycerol |
| Glycerol is bound to three.......... | fatty acids |
| Major components of cell membranes .......and are said to be....... | Phospholipids & amphiphilic |
| Example of hydrophobic molecule | Cholesterol |
| Four Functions of Proteins | catalyze metabolic reactions, give structural strength to cells and tissues, produce muscular and other forms of movement, and to regulate transport of solutes in and out of cells. |
| drastic conformational change in a protein in response to extreme heat or pH is called | DENATURATION |
| Proteins are **************** Built from ****20**** different amino acids | POLYMERS |
| the folding and coiling of a protein into a globular shape is what kind of protein | TERTIARY |
| An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its | ACTIVE SITE |
| Lactose is the substrate of which enzyme | Lactose |
| ALL ENZYMES ARE | Proteins |
| Nucleic acids are *********of nucleotides | POLYMERS |
| What links endergonic and exergonic reactions | ATP |
| An atom with 12 electrons, 13 neutrons, and 11 protons is a(an) | ANION |
| The concentration of a solution may be expressed by what 3 methods????? | Weight per volume percentage Molarity |
| the vibration of the ear drum is an example of what type of energy | Kinetic |
| what will increase the rate of a chemical reaction? | Increase in reactant concentration |
| Carbon is very versatile in forming other bonds with other atoms because it has how many electrons | FOUR |
| Amylase is a dgestive enzyme that breaks starches down into sugars through what type of reactions | HYDROLYSIS |
| List 3 neucleotides | GTP ATP cAMP |
| Metabolism is the sum of what two processes | ANABOLISM & CATABOLISM |
| what do minerals contribute to what structure | Bones and Teeth |
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Finnie1031
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