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Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mucosa | The innermost layer of the human digestive tract; in some parts of the digestive system, it contains mucus-secreting cells and glands that secrete digestive enzymes |
| Submucosa | The layer of connective tissue directly under the mucosa of an open body cavity. |
| muscularis propria | Fourth layer of bowel; contains circular and longitudinal fibrous bands. |
| adventitia | outer layer of connective tissue covering digestive organs |
| enteric nervous system | The nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. It controls secretion and motility within the Gi tract, and is linked to the central nervous system. |
| peritoneum | Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs |
| Ingestion | taking in food |
| Propulsion (Digestive Process) | movement of food along the digestive tract |
| mechanical digestion | Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces |
| chemical digestion | Process by which enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use |
| Absorption (digestive system) | the passage of nutrients through plasma membranes into the blood or lymph and then to the body |
| defecation | elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus |
| deglutition | the act of swallowing |
| parietal cells | cells in the stomach that secrete HCl and intrinsic factor |
| chief cells | secrete pepsinogen |
| mucous neck cells | produce mucus to lubricate the food entering the stomach |
| G cells | secrete gastrin |
| cephalic phase | the earliest phase of digestion, in which the brain thinks about and prepares the digestive organs for the consumption of food |
| gastric phase | phase of gastric secretion that begins when food enters the stomach |
| intestinal phase | Stage in which the duodenum responds to arriving chyme and moderates gastric activity through hormones and nervous reflexes |
| salivary amylase | Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch |
| Pepsin | Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach |
| Lactase | enzyme that breaks down lactose |
| pancreatic lipase | breaks down fats |
| Trypsin | breaks down proteins |
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