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Phlebotomy Chapter 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A- line (Arterial Line) | Catheter placed in an artery, most commonly in radial |
| Analyte | Substance undergoing analysis or being measured |
| AV shunt/ fistula/ graft | Permanent surgical connection of an artery and a vein typically created to provide access for dialysis |
| Bariatric | Relating to the treatment of obesity |
| Basal state | Resting state of the body in early morning after a 12-hour fast |
| Bilirubin | Product of the breakdown of RBCs by the body |
| CVAD (central vascular access device) | Indwelling line; tubing inserted into a main vein or artery used primarily for administering fluids and medications, monitoring pressures and drawing blood |
| CVC (central venous catheter/line) | A line inserted into a large vein such as the subclavian and advanced into superior vena cava, proximal to the right atrium. Th exit end is surgically tunneled under the skin to a site several inches away in the chest |
| Diurnal/ circadian | Happening daily/having a 24-hour cycle |
| Edema | Swelling due to abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissue |
| Exsanguination | Blood loss to the point where life cannot be sustained |
| Hematoma | Swelling or mass of blood (often clotted) caused by blood leaking from a blood vessel |
| Hemoconcentration | Decrease in the fluid content of the blood, with a subsequent increase in non filterable large molecule, or protein-based blood components such as red blood cells |
| Hemolysis | Destruction of RBCs and release of hemoglobin into the fluid portion of a specimen, causing the serum color to range from pink (slight hemolysis) to red ( gross hemolysis) |
| Iatrogenic | Term used to describe an adverse condition due to treatment |
| Icteric | A term meaning “marked by jaundice”; used to describe serum, plasma, or urine specimens that have an abnormal deep-yellow to yellow-brown color due to high bilirubin levels |
| Implanted port | Small chamber attached to an indwelling line that is surgically implanted under the skin in the upper chest or arm |
| IV | Within or pertaining to the inside of a vein; intravenous |
| Jaundice | condition of increased bilirubin (a product of the breakdown of red blood cells) in the blood, leading to the deposition of yellow bile pigment in the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (whites of the eyes), giving the patient a yellow appearance |
| Lipemic | Term used to describe serum or plasma that has a milky (cloudy white) or turbid due to high lipid content |
| Lymphedema | Swelling caused by impaired lymph flow |
| Lymphostasis | Stoppage or obstruction of normal lymph flow |
| Mastectomy | Surgical breast removal |
| Normals | Short name for reference ranges/ intervals |
| Obese | Extremely overweight |
| Occluded | Obstructed; as in a vein that is hardened or clotted |
| Petechiae | Tiny, non raised red or purple spots on a patient’s skin |
| PICC | Peripherally inserted central catheter |
| Postural pseudoanemia | Physiologic response to a change in position from standing to lying down |
| Preexamination/ preanalytical | Prior to analysis |
| Reference range/ interval | Range of test values with high and low limits of healthy individuals |
| Reflux | Backflow of blood into the vein during venipuncture |
| Saline lock | Catheter or cannula that is often placed in a vein in the lower arm above the wrist to provide access for administering medication or drawing blood that can be left in place for up to 48 hours |
| Sclerosed | Hard, cordlike, and lacking resilience |
| Syncope | Fainting |
| Thrombocytopenia | Low platelet count |
| Thrombosed | Clotted, or denoting a vessel containing a clot |
| Turbid | Cloudy, as in the appearance of serum or plasma with high levels of lipids |
| VADs (vascular access device) | Special tubing and other devices used to access veins or arteries |
| Vasovagal | Relating to vagus nerve action on blood vessels |
| Venous stasis | Stagnation or stoppage of the normal blood flow |
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