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Chapter 10 AP1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central nervous system consist of | Brain oligodendrocytes, and interneurons |
| Pns consist of | Thermoreceptors, motor neurons, and satellite cells |
| A person is exposed to a drug that prevents vesicles forming in neurons. Predict the effect this will have on the nerve function. | Neurotransmitters will not be released |
| A certain drug decreases membrane permeability of nerve fibers to sodium. What would be the effect? | A decrease in pain |
| A neuron in the Aorta detects oxygen content in the blood relays this information to the brain. This neuron is a what? | Afferant fiber in the autonomic nervous system |
| A positive feedback loop occurs when the outcome of an event causes the event to continue occurring and amplifies it's effects which of the following aspects of an action potential constitutes a positive feedback loop? | An initial flow of Sodium ions into the neurons opens voltage gated sodium channels rapidly causing more sodium to enter. |
| If a neuron is stimulated causing changes in the membrane potential to the point where voltage-gated Nat channels open and begin depolarizing the cell, the neon is said to have reached what? | Threshhold |
| In Guillain-Barre syndrome, the immune system attacks and degrades the myelin sheath of PNS axons. Predict the effect this will have on nerve impulse and motor function | Loss of insulation for myolin it will cause the neurons of the PNS to lose salatory conduction resulting in poor muscle function |
| The oculomotor nerve is a cranial nerve containing nerve fibers that innervate eye muscles and control eye movement. These fibers are examples of _______ | Motor neurons |
| What is the function of sensory receptors | Detect changes in and outside of the body |
| What cytoplasmic structure supports supports axons? | Neurofibrals |
| What feature is unique to neurons | Chromophilic substances |
| What is myelin | Lipids and proteins that form around the axon forming a sheath |
| A myelinated nerve fiber is. ____, whereas an unmyelinated nerve fiber is_______ | White ; grey |
| What is a reason that the axons in the CNS and PNS differ in their ability to regenerate after injury? | Axons of the CNS lack neurolgia |
| In order for a severed peripheral nerve to regenerate and recover its original function, nerve fibers must sprout and enter tubes formed by _________ | Schwann cells |
| Dendrites of unipolar neurons are part of what type of neurons? | Sensory |
| How is an impulse transmitted from one neuron to another ? | Impulse stimulating a presynaptic a on causing the release of neural transmitters into a synaptic cleft. |
| How are action potentials related to impulses conducted along the length of an axon? | Propagation of a series of action potentials along the nerve fiber is constitutes an impulse. |
| The most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is _______ | Thick and mylinated |
| What is the correct sequence that occurs along axon after the membrane reaches the threshold | Sodium channels open and diffuse into the cell The membrane depolarizes Potassium channels open Potassium ions, diffuse outward The membrane repolarizes |
| How does a neuron cell become depolarized | Sodium channels open and diffuse into the cell |
| When is an action potential triggered | When EpSp exceeds the Ipsp |
| What occurs during reuptake | A neuro transmitter that has already been released into the synaptic cleft and is taken back into the pre synaptic neuron. |
| What is convergence | Axons from a different part of the nervous system contact the same neurons |
| How do diverging axons amplify an impulse | Stimulating many neurons |
| Why do opiate drugs derived from poppies relieve pain in humans | We have receptors for endorphins |
| What cytoplasmic extensions together within the cell body provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons | Dendrites and axons |
| What is a function of the nervous system | Control movement of muscles |
| What are the three general functions of the nervous system | Integrative Motor Sensory |
| Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear what color | White |
| How many axons/dendrites can a neuron have | One axon Many dendrites |
| Every neuron has the following components | Cell body |
| Myelin is rich in what? | Lipids |
| Which cells produced myelin in the brain and spinal cord? | Oligodendrocytes |
| Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are _____ | Multipolar |
| What cells are found only in the PNS | Schwann cells |
| Clusters in the neuron cell body in the PNS are called ______ | Ganglion |
| What neuroglia are not apart of the CNS | Satellite cells |
| Synaptic knobs are at the end of what | Axons |
| Presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters by the process of what | Exocytosis |
| When an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the contents of the vesicles within the synaptic knob are released in response to the presence of _________ | Calcium ions |
| What is saltatory conduction | Jump from one knob to the next |
| Resting cell membrane is more permeable to which ion | Potassium |
| If a resting potential becomes more negative, the membrane is said to be ________ | Hyperpolarized |
| Roughly how long does an excitatory post synaptic potential | 15 milliseconds |
| Each neuron in the CNS receives input from which structure | From 1,000s of axons |
| Neurotransmitter that controls skeletal muscle contractions | Acytocholine |
| What types of neurons are organized into neuronal pools | Interneurons |
| What disorder involves immune response that affects myelin coding on axons throughout the spinal cord and brain | Multiple sclerosis |
| What neurotransmitter is likely released when a person uses a drug that creates a sense of well being | Dopamine or neurophetamine |
| What are the two major cell types | Neurons and neurolgia |
| What structural type of neuron has a single process that extends from the cell body | Unipolar |
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Kclay017
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