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Simple Mendelian

Terms from Simple Mendelian Unit of NW 04-350

TermDefinition
pure bred an individual that when crossed with itself or another pure bred of the same phenotype produces offspring with the exact same phenotype and genotype as the parents. True breeding. Homozygous
self to cross an individual with itself. possible in plants like peas in Mendel's classic experiment
controlled cross a forced mating experiment under the control of the researcher
outcross crossing with an individual of a different phenotype and genotype
genotype the genetic makeup of an individual. Homozygous or heterozygous
phenotype the physical characteristic, physical appearance of an organism
law of segregation Mendel's First Law. Because of anaphase I and the separation of homologous chromosomes, gametes will receive only one copy of an individual gene if produced by a diploid parent. Sexual fertilization from two parents restores offspring to being diploid.
law of independent assortment Mendel's Second Law. Because of metaphase I, the segregation of gene A does not influence the segregation of gene B. Only true if genes are on separate chromosomes or very far apart on the same chromosome
monohybrid cross crossing a heterozygous individual with another heterozygous individual for a single gene. Aa x Aa results in 3:1 phenotypic ratio and 1:2:1 genotypic ratio due to segregation
dihybrid cross AaBb x AaBb --> 9:3:3:1 due to independent assortment
test cross Any cross involving an individual with a dominant phenotype and an individual known to be homozygous recessive. AA x aa or Aa x aa. Results help to determine the genotype of the dominant parent
autosome a chromosome that is not involved in sex determination
sex chromosome a chromosome that carries genes that determine the sex of an individual. X and Y chromosomes or Z and W chromosomes
Created by: jthorns
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