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Phrase Structure
Phrase structure rules (Chapter 3.3)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phrase Structure Rules (PSRs) | Rules of the grammar which allow the creation of syntactic phrases, clauses, and sentences. |
| A PSR encodes | dominance, linear order, and identifies syntactic units |
| Dominance | the superordinate grouping in a constituent |
| A Noun Phrase is comprised of | a Determiner and a Noun. |
| The constituent to the left of the arrow is the | hierarchically dominant node (or “mother”) |
| The “daughter” forms to the | Right of the arrow comprise the dominant node. |
| Phrases must contain their | heads |
| A general schematic for PSRs is | Head Phrase → Specifier Head Modifier |
| A general schematic for PSR trees is | XP / | \ Specifier Head Modifier |
| The S Rule | Sentence -> Noun Phrase Verb Phrase |
| S Rule Tree | S / \ NP VP |
| Tree Merger | * / \ * / \ |
| The NP Rule 1 | NP -> Noun |
| The NP Rule 1 Tree | NP | N |
| The NP Rule 2 | NP -> D N |
| The NP Rule 2 Tree | NP / \ Det N |
| The NP Rule 3 | NP -> AP (Adjective Phrase) N |
| The NP Rule 3 Tree | NP / | \ Det AP N |
| The NP Rule 4 | NP -> D AP N PP (Prepositional Phrase) |
| The NP Rule 4 Tree | NP / | | \ Det AP N PP |
| Phrase Structure Rules: The NP Rule Final Version | NP → (Det) (AP) N (PP) |
| Phrase Structure Rules: AP | AP → (Degree words) A (PP) |
| Phrase Structure Rules AP Tree | AP / | \ Deg A PP |
| Phrase Structure Rules: PP | PP → P NP |
| Phrase Structure Rules: PP Tree | PP / \ P NP |
| intransitive verb | cannot take an object |
| Phrase Structure Rules for verbs Intransitive | VP → V |
| Phrase Structure Rules for verbs: Transitives | VP → V NP (Direct object) |
| Phrase Structure Rules for verbs: Optional Transitives | VP → V NP |
| Phrase Structure Rules for verbs: Predicate Nominatives | VP → V NP (predicate nominative) |
| Phrase Structure Rules for verbs: Predicate Adjectives | VP → V AP (predicate adjective) |
| ditransitive | Take two objects, indirect object (IO), and the second, direct object (DO) |
| Phrase Structure Rules for verbs: Ditransitive | VP → V NP (io or do) |
| Phrase Structure Rules for verbs: Ditransitives and the Dative Alternation | VP → V NP (io or do) PP |
| Phrase Structure Rules for verbs: Other Patterns | VP → V NP PP PP |
| Phrase Structure Rules for verbs: Cognitive Verbs | VP → V S |
| Appendix of Rules S → | NP VP |
| Appendix of Rules NP → | (Det) (AP) N (PP) |
| Appendix of Rules AP → | (Deg) A (PP) |
| Appendix of Rules PP → | P NP |
| Appendix of Rules VP → | V ({NP, AP, S}) (PP) |
| Appendix of Rules NP → | Pronouns |
| Complementizer Phrases S → | V CP |
| Complementizer Phrases CP → | C S |
| Auxiliary Verbs S → | NP AUX VP |
Created by:
KenzieMWallace105
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