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LING 2110 Phonetics
IPA Symbols - Pulmonic Consonants
| Symbol | Description |
|---|---|
| [R] | voiced uvular trill |
| [G] | voiced uvular plosive |
| [N] | voiced uvular nasal |
| [B] | voiced bilabial trill |
| [ʈ] | voiceless retroflex plosive |
| [ɖ] | voiced retroflex plosive |
| [c] | voiceless palatal plosive |
| [ɟ] | voiced palatal plosive |
| [ç] | voiceless palatal fricative |
| [ʝ] | voiced palatal fricative |
| [ʁ] | voiced uvular fricative |
| [χ] | voiceless uvular fricative |
| [q] | voiceless uvular plosive |
| [h] | voiceless glottal fricative |
| [ɦ] | voiced glottal fricative |
| [ʟ] | voiced velar lateral approximant |
| [ʕ] | voiced pharyngeal fricative |
| [ħ] | voiceless pharyngeal fricative |
| [ɣ] | voiced velar fricative |
| [x] | voiceless velar fricative |
| [ʐ] | voiced retroflex fricative |
| [ʂ] | voiceless retroflex fricative |
| [ʒ] | voiced post-alveolar fricative |
| [ʃ] | voiceless post-alveolar fricative |
| [z] | voiced alveolar fricative |
| [s] | voiceless alveolar fricative |
| [ð] | voiced dental fricative |
| [θ] | voiceless dental fricative |
| [v] | voiced labiodental fricative |
| [f] | voiceless labiodental fricative |
| [β] | voiced bilabial fricative |
| [ɸ] | voiceless bilabial fricative |
| [ɰ] | voiced velar approximant |
| [j] | voiced palatal approximant |
| [ɻ] | voiced retroflex approximant |
| [ɹ] | voiced alveolar approximant |
| [ʋ] | voiced labiodental approximant |
| [ɮ] | voiced alveolar lateral fricative |
| [ɬ] | voiceless alveolar lateral fricative |
| [l] | voiced alveolar lateral approximant |
| [ɭ] | voiced retroflex lateral approximant |
| [ʎ] | voiced palatal lateral approximant |
| [ɽ] | voiced retroflex tap/flap |
| [ɾ] | voiced alveolar tap/flap |
| [r] | voiced alveolar trill |
| [m] | voiced bilabial nasal |
| [ŋ] | voiced velar nasal |
| [ɲ] | voiced palatal nasal |
| [ɳ] | voiced retroflex nasal |
| [n] | voiced alveolar nasal |
| [ɱ] | voiced labiodental nasal |
| [p] | voiceless bilabial plosive |
| [b] | voiced bilabial plosive |
| [t] | voiceless alveolar plosive |
| [d] | voiced alveolar plosive |
| [k] | voiceless velar plosive |
| [g] | voiced velar plosive |
| [ʔ] | voiceless glottal plosive |