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Chap - 5
PharmacologyHSC1149
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| symbols used for medication orders | abbreviations |
| abbreviations are __ for accurate interpretation of a physician's order | essential |
| physician's orders may vary in the used of | capital vs. lowercase lettering |
| When in doubt, always __ the meaning. Never __! | question; guess |
| abbreviations should be written without | periods |
| before | a |
| before meals | ac |
| as desired | ad lib |
| AM, am | morning |
| amp | ampule |
| twice a day | bid |
| with | ċ |
| capsule | cap |
| chloride | Cl |
| centimeter | cm |
| discontinue | DC |
| double strength | DS |
| distilled water | DW |
| enteric coated | EC |
| elixir | elix |
| extended release | ER |
| iron | Fe |
| fluid | fl |
| grain | gr |
| gram | Gm, g |
| drop | gtt |
| hour | h, hr |
| intramuscular | IM |
| intravenous | IV |
| intravenous piggyback | IVPB |
| potassium | K |
| potassium chloride | KCl |
| kilogram | kg, Kilo |
| keep vein open | KVO |
| liter | L |
| long acting | LÀ |
| pound | lb |
| milliequivalent | mEq |
| microgram | mcg |
| milligram | mg |
| milliliter (equivalent to cc) | ml, mL |
| millimeter | mm |
| sodium | Na |
| sodium chloride | NaCl |
| nebulizer | NEB |
| nasogastric | NG |
| night | noc |
| nothing by mouth | NPO, npo |
| normal saline (sodium chloride, 0.9%) | NS, N/S |
| none | Ø |
| over the counter | OTC |
| ounce | oz |
| after | p |
| after meals | pc |
| patient controlled analgesic | PCA |
| afternoon | PM, pm |
| by mouth, orally | po, PO |
| whenever necessary | PRN, prn |
| pint, patient | pt |
| every hour | qh |
| every 2 hours | q2h |
| every 3 hours | q3h |
| every 4 hours | q4h |
| quantity not sufficient | QNS |
| quantity sufficient | qs |
| quart | qt |
| rectal | R |
| Ringer's lactate | RL, R/L |
| without | š |
| subcutaneous | SubQ, subq |
| sublingual | SL |
| solution | sol |
| sustained release | SR |
| immediately and once only | stat |
| suppository | supp |
| tablet | tab |
| tablespoon | tbsp, T, tbs |
| three times a day | tid |
| telephone order | TO |
| teaspoon | tsp, t |
| vaginal | vag |
| vitamin | Vit |
| verbal order | VO |
| monitors medication administration & identifies practices that have contributed to medication errors | Institute for Safe Medication Practice (ISMP) |
| list published by ISMP with problematic abbreviations | Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, & Dose Designations |
| minimum list of "dangerous" abbreviations that have been prohibited, effective 01/01/2004, approved by | Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) |
| items required to be on organization's DO NOT USE list are highlighted with __ __ in the ISMP list | double asterisk (**) |
| avoidance of periods w/ all medical abbreviations is a required safety practice because poorly written periods could be mistaken as the __ __ and cause an __ __ __ | number one; error in dosage |
| date, patient's name, medication name, dosage/amount of medication, route/manner of administration, & time to be administered/frequency | six items contained in all medications orders |
| medication orders must always be written & signed by | a physician |
| in an emergency the physician may give a | verbal order |
| health care workers are responsible for repeating the order (i.e. medication & amount) | before administration |
| health care workers are responsible for writing down the medication, amount, & time of administration | as soon as it is given |
| most agencies require a __ __ to take telephone orders | registered nurse |
| if you are calling in the prescription to the facility for the physician you must | repeat name of drug, dosage, frequency & route |
| physician's must sign all verbal & telephone orders | within 24 hours |
| regulations for who can call in an order and who can receive a phone order, as well as the time frame for a physician's signature, from | state to state |
| health care workers are responsible for noting the six items for all medications orders and to question any | discrepancies, omissions, or unusual orders |
| in addition to the six items on all medications orders the two additional items are | physician's DEA number & number of refills |
| the physician's DEA number must be on all prescriptions for | a controlled substance |
| if there are to be no refills there must be written | NO, NONE, or Ø |
| never leave a blank space after the __ __ on a prescription | refill space |
| in order to reduce incidences of medication errors some states have passed legislation requiring that the | name of the medication to be legibly printed or typed |
| state regulations also require that the quantity of the drug be in | both textual and numerical formats |
| state regulations also require that the prescriber also | print their name under the signature |
| in order to carry out medication orders accurately the person administering the medication must have an understanding of the | different systems of measurement |
| original system of weights & measures for writing medication orders | apothecary system |
| a pharmacists or druggist can also be called | an apothecary |
| __ drugs are still ordered by the apothecary system | few |
| metric system is the ___ system of measurement and used at the present time | preferred |
| international standard for weights and measurement; invented by French in late 18th century | metric system |
| standardized, on the assumption that the utensils are common enough to be found in any home; not as accurate as the metric system because of a lack of standardization of spoons, cups, and glasses | household system |
| medication orders are concerned with only measuring __ & measuring __ | fluids; solids |
| measuring fluids | liquid measure |
| measuring solids | solid weight |
| includes minim, fluid dram, fluid ounce, pint, quart, & gallon | apothecary system of liquid measurement |
| a drop is approximately equivalent to __ __ of water | 1 minim |
| when minims are ordered they should always be measured with a __ __ or in a __ __ for accuracy | minim glass; tuberculin syringe |
| if a medication order specifies drops, they may be measured with a | medicine dropper |
| aspirin, acetaminophen, iron & phenobarbital are a few drugs that are sometime ordered by the apothecary system in | grains |
| includes liter & milliliter | metric system of liquid measurement |
| milliliter is approximately equivalent to the | cubic centimeter |
| includes gram & milligram; measurement most commonly used for medication prescriptions | metric system for measuring solid weights |
| if necessary to convert from apothecary system to the metric system, always | consult conversion table or pharmacist |
| medicine cups & various syringes calibrated in millimeters &/or minims are equipment most commonly used for | measuring medications |
| calibrated measuring spoons & clearly marked measuring cups are more accurate for dispensing orders in | the household measurement |
| a teaspoon in household measurement is equivalent to __ in metric measurement | 5 milliliters |
| the abbreviation that indicates a medication is to be administered immediately is | stat |
| the abbreviation that indicates that a patient is to take a medication that does not require a prescription | OTC |
| the abbreviation that indicates a medication should be taken whenever necessary | prn |
| abbreviation that means the medication is to be taken every other day | qod |
| abbreviation indicates a medication should be taken twice daily | bid |
| abbreviation indicating a patient is to stop taking a prescribed medication | dc |
| abbreviation indicating a medication should taken before meals | ac |
| three systems used to measure medications | apothecary, metric, & household |
| abbreviation indicating that a medication is to be administered to the right eye | OD |
| abbreviation indicating that a medication is to be administered to the left eye | OS |
| abbreviation indicating that a medication is to be administered to both/each eye | OU |
| metric liter is equivalent to __ quart in household measurement | one |
| the metric system is preferred for __ prescriptions | writing |
| abbreviation that indicates a medication is dispensed in grams | g |
| abbreviation indicates a medication is prescribed in micrograms | mcg |
| a __ is equivalent to 2.2 pounds | kilogram |
| the metric equivalent of 0.5 g is | 500 mg |
| in addition to date, patient name, & medication name, a medication order must also contain __, __, & __ or frequency of administration | dosage; route; time |
| 1 tsp in household measurement is equivalent to __ in apothecary measurement | 1 dr |
| 15 gr in apothecary measurement is equivalent to __mg in metric measurement | 1,000 |
| 7-1/2 gr in apothecary measurement is equivalent to __g in metric measurement | 0.5 |
| 1 gr in apothecary measurement is equivalent to __mg in metric measurement | 60-65 |
| be very careful with conversions, metric equivalents of apothecary are | not precise |
| to convert pounds to kilograms you will need to __ number of pounds by 2.2 | divide |
| be very careful when calculating weight in kg, because the slightest error (especially in pediatric dosage) could result in | fatal consequences |
| 1 lb in household measurement is equivalent to __ kg in metric measurements | 0.453592 |
| 1/2 gr in apothecary measurement is equivalent to __mg in metric measurement | 30 |
Created by:
lfrancois
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