Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Back Muscles
MSK
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Directional movement of a joint may be the function of more than one muscle, but | only one muscle may be the primary mover |
| a joint is innervated by a nerve innervating the muscle moving the joint. This nerve also innervates the skin over the joint | Hiltons Law |
| Each muscle has a major arterial supply but can also receive blood supply from other arteries Blockage of the major artery may not adversely affect the muscle | collateral blood supply |
| Vertebral Column | Axial Skeleton |
| •Pectoral Girdle: Clavicle and Scapula • Acromioclavicular Joint • Sternoclavicular Joint • Scapulothoracic Joint • Humerus • Glenohumeral Joint | Appendicular Skeleton |
| backward bending | extension |
| forward bending | flexion |
| lateral flexion | side bending |
| twisting side to side | rotation |
| cranial movement of scapula | elevation |
| caudal movement of scapula | depression |
| medial borer drawn closer together | adduction/rectraction |
| medial border drawn away from each other | abduction/protraction |
| inferior angle moves laterally and upwards | upward rotation |
| inferior angle moves medially and downwards | downward rotation |
| Extrinsic Back Muscles (superficial back muscles) are positioned above or superficial to the | thoracolumbar fascia |
| Extrinsic Back Muscles (superficial back muscles) are innervated by named Receive blood supply from branches of the subclavian and axillary artery | VENTRAL rami branches of the brachial plexus |
| Extrinsic Back Muscles (superficial back muscles) contain 2 main muscle groups | 1. Superficial Appendicular Group 2. Superficial Respiratory or Intermediate Extrinsic Group |
| These muscles connect the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton; Primarily moves the upper limb by moving the scapula or the humerus | Superficial Appendicular Muscles |
| Arranged into two layers • Layer 1: Trapezius Muscle and Latissimus Dorsi • Layer 2: Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major and Minor | Superficial Appendicular Muscles |
| N: Spinal Accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve 11) A: Superficial Branch of Transverse Cervical Artery | Trapezius Muscle |
| N: Thoracodorsal neve A: Thoracodorsal Artery | Latissimus Dorsi Muscle |
| N: C3, C4 Spinal Nerves AND Dorsal Scapular Neve A: Branches of Transverse Cervical and Ascending Cervical Artery | Levator Scapulae |
| N: Dorsal Scapular Neve A: Deep Branch of Transverse Cervical or Dorsal Scapular Artery | Rhomboid Minor Muscle |
| N: Radial Nerve A: Deep Brachial Artery (Profunda Brachii) | Triceps Long Head |
| N: Suprascapular Nerve A: Suprascapular Artery | Supraspinatus |
| N: Suprascapular Nerve A: Suprascapular and Circumflex Scapular Arteries | Infraspinatus |
| N: Axillary Artery A: Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery | Teres Minor |
| N: Lower Subscapular Nerve A: Posterior Circumflex Artery and Thoracodorsal branch of the Subscapular Artery | Teres Major |
| Consists of a thin layer of muscles positioned deep to the superficial appendicular group muscles but is still superficial to the thoracolumbar fascia Commonly referred to as Deep Extrinsic Muscles | Superficial Respiratory or Intermediate Extrinsic Group |
| Serve more of a proprioceptive (sensory) role rather than motor function | Superficial Respiratory or Intermediate Extrinsic Group |
| a subconscious awareness of moments and position of the body independent of visual ques | Proprioception |
| • Serratus Posterior Superior – located in the upper back • Serratus Posterior Inferior – located in the lower back | Superficial Respiratory or Intermediate Extrinsic Group |
| N: Ventral Rami of Intercostal nerves A: Segmental arterial supply from intercostal arteries | Serratus Posterior Superior |
| Rest deep to the thoracolumbar fascia; Movement of vertebral column and involved in maintaining the upright posture | Intrinsic Back Muscles |
| • Innervated by DORSAL rami of spinal nerves • Receives segmental blood supply from branches of the aorta and vertebral arteries | Intrinsic Back Muscles |
| • Arranged into four groups • 1. Superficial Muscles • 2. Intermediate Muscles • 3. Deep Muscles • 4. Deepest Muscles | Intrinsic Back Muscles |
| The Splenius Muscles make up the | Superficial Muscles |
| attaches to bones of the skull | Splenius Capitis |
| attaches to bones associated with the neck | Splenius Cervicis |
| _______________ of superficial muscles leads to extension of the head, cervical, and upper thoracic vertebrae | Bilateral contraction |
| _______________ of superficial muscles causes ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation | Unilateral contraction |
| Also called the Erector Spinae Muscle Group, Paraspinal or Paravertebral muscles | Intermediate Muscles |
| These muscles are the main extensors of the vertebral column and are divided into three columns: • Iliocostalis Muscle (Lumborum, Thoracic, Cervicis) • Longissimus Muscle (Thoracic, Cervicis, Capitis) • Spinalis Muscle (Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis) | Intermediate Muscles |
| a broad tendon that attaches to the iliac crest, sacrum, and inferior lumbar spinous processes | Origin of Intermediate Muscles |
| ________________ of intermediate muscles extends / straightens the flexed trunk | Bilateral contraction |
| _______________ of intermediate muscles causes ipsilateral lateral flexion | Unilateral contraction |
| • Found deep to the Erector Spinae Muscles • Commonly called the Transversospinalis Group | Deep Muscles |
| Consists of three obliquely orientated muscles • Semispinalis (Capitis, Cervicis, Thoracis) • Multifidus • Rotatores (Cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) | Deep Muscles |
| Semispinalis bilaterally extends the head and vertebral column. Unilateral contraction causes contralateral rotation | Deep Muscles |
| provides stability to the vertebral column, assist in local extension of the vertebral column, and unilateral contraction causes contralateral rotation | Multifidus and Rotatores |
| • Also called the Minor Group of Deep muscles • Consists of three muscles • Interspinales • Intertransversarii • Levator Costarum | Deepest Muscles |
| - helps elevate ribs (respiratory function) | Levator Costarum |
| Interconnects all structures of the body, contains collagen fibers arranged in sheets oriented in different directions | Fascia |
| • Allows for the sliding of the muscular structure, and neurovascular structures between contractile fields and joints • Reduce friction of muscular force • Forms muscle compartments which increase the force of contraction for groups of muscles | Functions of fascia |
| lead to the development of scar tissue which can impair muscle contraction | Injury of fascia |
| surgical procedure to cut fascia to relieve increasing pressure in MSK compartments | Fasciotomy |
| • Deep investing membrane throughout most posterior thorax & abdomen • Formed by fibers from various muscles that bridge aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversalis muscles. Continuous w/deep fascia of neck (deep cervical fascia) | Thoracolumbar Fascia |
| insert at the transverse processes of vertebrae | The anterior and middle layers of Thoracolumbar Fascia |
| inserts at the tips of the spinous processes and is indirectly continuous with interspinous ligaments | The posterior layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia |
| • Deep investing membrane throughout most of the posterior thorax and abdomen • Covers or invests the paravertebral muscles (intrinsic muscles) of the back | Thoracolumbar Fascia |
| Lymph from the skin of the back of the neck drains into the | occipital, deep cervical, and axillary (posterior) nodes |
| Lymph from the skin of the back of the trunk drains into the | axillary (posterior) nodes |
| Lymph from the muscles of the back drain into the | paravertebral lymph nodes |
| The skin of the back region is innervated by the | dorsal rami of spinal nerves |
| will innervate the lateral body wall via the lateral cutaneous nerve and the anterior body wall via the anterior cutaneous nerve | Ventral rami |
| • Anatomical landmark which allows for prime pulmonary auscultation Boundaries: • Inferior: Superior boarder Latissimus Dorsi • Medial: Lateral border of Trapezius • Lateral: Medial Border of Scapula | Triangle of Auscultation |
| • Also called the Inferior Lumbar Triangle or Lumbar Triangle Boundaries • Inferior: Iliac Crest • Posterior: Latissimus Dorsi muscle • Anterior: External Oblique muscle • Floor: Internal Oblique Muscle and Transversus Abdominus Muscle | Triangle of Petit |
| • Appears as a bulge in the lumbar region. • Can be unilateral or bilateral • Maybe acquired or congenital • Rare type of hernia | Triangle of Petit |
| vertical plain dividing the body in to anterior and posterior parts | Frontal (Coronal) |
| vertical plane perpendicular to coronal plane, dividing the body into right and left parts | Sagittal |
| divides the body into superior and inferior parts | Transverse (Axial or Horizontal) |
| __________ is related to the density of tissue or implanted material | Attenuation |
| Metal > Bone > Soft Tissue > Fat > Air | Attenuation |
| Less photons pass through structures | appear white on X-Ray |
| More photons pass through structures | appear black on X-Ray |
| Always keep patient’s clinical presentation mind | High index of suspicion |
| • Anterior Longitudinal Line • Posterior Longitudinal Line • Spinolaminar Line | Lateral view “Three Column” approach |
| • Lateral Lines (2) • Spinous Line | Anterior-Posterior view |
| Scotty Dog – Lumbar region | Oblique View |
| • Alignment of odontoid process • with C1 Lateral Masses | Open Mouth View |
| • X Ray Images. X-Ray Beams are rotated about the patient • Images are taken from different angles, computer processing then creates cross-sectional images (slices) • 2D Image • Creation of image in different planes (Axial, Coronal, or Sagittal) | CT Scan |
| • Better definition of soft tissue • Enhances appearance of traumatic injuries that not visible on X-Ray • Manipulation of grey scale to enhance structures • Now image reconstruction can create 3D Images • Can utilize contrasts | CT Scan |
| uses the magnetic properties of spinning hydrogen atoms • signal depends on: • # of hydrogen atoms in tissue (proton density) • Chemical environment of hydrogen atoms, in free water/ bound by fat • Flow: blood vessels or CSF • Magnetic susceptibility | MRI |
| shows fat as white | T1 MRI |
| shows fat and water (CSF) as white | T2 MRI |
| in general, a contrast agent is a pharmaceutical substance which is radiopaque (attenuates x-rays and therefore shows up as white) | Contrast Studies |
| (Gastrointestinal Tract) | Barium Enema |
| (Circulatory System) | Subtraction angiography |
Created by:
Zariea
Popular Anatomy sets